Materials Literature
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Attachment of oxazoline-based hyperbranched macromonomers to a trimesic acid core affording trimers of the hyperbranched fragments as well as polymerization of the oxazoline groups is reported. Polymerization and copolymerization with 2-phenyl-1,3-oxazoline were investigated for two macromonomers (Mw = 1700 and 8 000,…
The piezoelectric properties of Pb[Zr 0.45 Ti 0.5‐ x Lu x (Mn 1/3 ‐Sb 2/3 ) 0.05 ]O 3 ceramics, with 0 lessthan equal to x lessthan equal to 0.03, have been investigated. The partial substitution of Ti 4+ with Lu 3+ permitted improvement of the electromechanical coupling factor ( k p ), the dielectric constant (epsilo…
Optical scatterometry is a method for the on-line measurement of the geometry of a diffraction grating, which is deduced from diffraction-pattern data. We demonstrate the use of a neural network as a promising method for performing an accurate quantitative characterization of the geometry. As an example, we show the d…
Spatially selective electrochemical deposition of a metal (Ni) into the ordered nanohole-array structure of anodic porous alumina was performed using a microelectrode. A patterned deposit consisting of fine Ni cylinders of 70 nm diameter was obtained in the hole-array structure with spatial resolution on the order of…
ABSTRACT Atomic force microscopy was used to study edible films produced from whey proteins. The films were imaged under ambient conditions with no special sample preparation. Low resolution imaging of areas from 10 μm to 150 μm on a side was performed in the contact mode. Higher resolution scans of 350 nm to 2,700 nm…
Abstract A special modified tensile creep test was used to investigate the stress cracking behavior of various high‐density polyethylenes (HDPE). Blends of HDPE with other HDPEs, with linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and specifically with various slightly long‐chain branched linear low‐density polyethylenes (H…
The effect of B-site ions of Pb(B ′ B ′′ )O 3 –PbTiO 3 (B ′ =Zn, Mg, Ni, Ga, Sc, In, Yb and B ′′ =Nb, Ta) piezoelectric materials on the electromechanical coupling factors has been studied. A relationship between electromechanical coupling factor k p near a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and an order/disorder tende…
This paper presents an experimental study on the manufacture of low-density fine-cell high density polyethylene (HDPE) foams in extrusion using CO2 as a blowing agent. The strategies adopted to produce low-density, fine-cell HDPE foams were to generate a large number of cells by a rapid pressure drop, to suppress cell…
alloy was microencapsulated with cobalt by electroless deposition from an alkaline hypophosphite bath. Discharge curves of the encapsulated alloy indicate an additional contribution to the capacity arising from the cobalt on the surface. Studies on cobalt thin films reveal the presence of adsorbed hydrogen in cobalt.…
A series of seven poly(ethylene-co-1-octene) samples made with a single-site-type catalyst were analyzed by crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF). The samples have similar average copolymer compositions but differ in their average molecular weights. CRYSTAF results confirm the theoretical predictions of Sto…
Conducting polymers such as polypyrrole and polyaniline are being extensively studied for their use in a wide range of new products. These materials are unique in that they have switchable properties due to their 2 or more mechanically stable oxidation states. Thus, films or coatings can be easily switched by the appl…
Fumed silica is a synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide produced by burning silicon tetrachloride in an oxygen-hydrogen flame. Surface areas range from 50–400 m2/g. Using particle sizing techniques, fumed silica shows micron sized particles leading to surface areas markedly lower than expected. Fumed silica appears as a…
Preparation, optical properties, and electrochemical redox behavior of poly(benzimidazole-4,7-diyl)s are reported. Dehalogenation polycondensation of 4,7-dibromobenzimidazole and its derivatives (2-heptyl and 2-phenyl derivatives) with zerovalent nickel complexes gives the corresponding polymers in 72–100% yield. Poly…
A new GeS2-based chalcohalide glass was synthesized by the melt-quenching technique for nonlinear optical applications. A large glass-forming region was defined, and a wide infrared transmission was measured. Marked optical third-order nonlinearity was measured (n2≈7.5×10-5 cm2/GW), making this glass one of the best c…
Two-phonon spectra of ${}^{12}{\mathrm{C}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}^{13}{\mathrm{C}}_{x}$ diamonds, $0<~x<~1,$ are measured with a sensitive charge-coupled device-based Raman and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Exploiting the infrared activity and the polarization characteristics of the Raman spectra record…
The phase ordering kinetics of various liquid crystalline materials from well known series (PCH, CCH, nO. m, BCH and CB) when turning from a disordered to an ordered phase induced by a rapid temperature quench have been investigated. The process of phase ordering can generally be described by the growth of a character…
A flowing afterglow−tandem mass spectrometer has been used to determine 0 K bond strengths in three hypervalent polyhalide ions: D (Cl 2 −Cl - ) = 99 ± 5 kJ/mol, D (Br 2 −Br - ) = 127 ± 7 kJ/mol, and D (Br 2 −Br 3 - ) = 40 ± 7 kJ/mol. These bond strengths are close to the previously measured values D (I 2 −I - ) = 126…
Neutron scattering, ac susceptibility, and NMR measurements have been made on isotopically enriched ${}^{154}{\mathrm{SmMn}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}.$ All the magnetic states are characterized from much clearer neutron-diffraction spectra than in previous works, in which natural abundance Sm was used. A temperature versu…
The adsorption and reaction of CO on Rh particles supported on oxidized and partially reduced epitaxial ceria films on yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (YSZ) (100), (110), and (111) single crystals was studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ceria films on…
The effects of solution variations during growth on the perfection of tetragonal lysozyme crystals have been characterized using X-ray topography and high angular and wavevector resolution reciprocal-space scans. X-ray images of crystals grown under nearly uniform conditions show little contrast or evidence of defects…