Materials Literature
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It is shown that, given two arbitrary lattices of equal density in the Euclidean space R n , a bounded quasi-periodic and piecewise affine vector field nu on R n (a so-called 'modulation field') can be built so that the second lattice is the image of the first one under the map x to x-v(x). The proof relies on a facto…
Experimental verification is made of a new polarization splitter which utilizes artificial anisotropic dielectrics. The splitter is composed of layers of periodically laminated SiO2/TiO2 thin films. The SiO2 and TiO2 films are alternately deposited by rf sputtering and reactive dc sputtering, respectively. The thickne…
Cathodoluminescence (CL) and annealing studies of microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films were carried out. The annealing behavior of the 1.681 eV (737.4 nm) line in the CL spectra of CVD diamond films grown on Si substrates is compared with that of the GR1 spectral line (1.673 eV) of na…
Raman scattering experiments have been carried out on powdered samples of cupric oxide (CuO) grown with the 18 O isotope. The phonon frequencies have been measured and compared to those of Cu 16 O. The isotopic frequency shifts of the phonon modes have also been compared with the predictions of a lattice dynamics mode…
Common and Newton black films, which are the ultimate stage of thinning of soap films, are investigated by absolute x-ray reflectivity. The challenging and open problem concerning these two systems is the determination of the equilibrium thickness of the aqueous core. X-ray reflectivity provides very detailed and new…
The electronic structures are calculated for several crystalline approximants of quasicrystals, AlCuLi and AlFe. The densities of states of these systems, and also of AlMn, suggest universality of the pseudogap at the Fermi energy in quasicrystals. The pseudogap satisfies a Hume-Rothery--type relation. The origin of t…
Abstract A series of segmented polyurethanes from two polyols, 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and butane diol was synthesized. The degree of chemical crosslinking was controlled by varying the ratio of poly(oxypropylene) diol to poly(oxypropylene/oxyethylene) triol. The samples were prepared at the stoichiome…
Abstract Oxygen plasma treatment of polypropylene (PP) surfaces led to introduction of oxygencontaining functionalities, with consequent improvement of surface wettability. A combination of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS), and contact angle measurements (water‐in‐…
Abstract A comprehensive 13 C‐NMR method for the analysis of composition in the most common commercial polyethylene copolymers has been established. The method covers ethene copolymers with propene, butene‐1, hexene‐1, octene‐1, and 4‐methyl pentene‐1 in the composition range of 1–10 mol %. The chemical shift assignme…
A novel open antimony sulfide framework of composition [Sb(3)S(5)](-) has been synthesized hydrothermally, in the presence of tetramethyl ammonium ions. Determination of the crystal structure demonstrates that the (Me(4)N)(+) molecules (Me, methyl) occlude a system of intersecting channels at 90 degrees to one another…
This textbook describes the fundamental principles of structural phase transitions in materials in an easily understandable form, suitable for both undergraduate and graduate students. Ferroelasticity, twinning and related microstructures are described. Landau-type theories of phase transitions are introduced, togethe…
The electrical characteristics of thermally evaporated triclinic lead phthalocyanine thin films are studied. A number of parameters is evaluated on the basis of the theory of space-charge-limited conduction and the following values are obtained: permittivity ϵ = 3.16 × 10−11 F m−1; hole mobility μ ≈ 6.05 × 10−10 m2 V−…
As judged by the difference between Curie temperature Tc and Curie-Weiss temperature Θ (Tc−Θ∼53 °C) KNbO3 goes through a very strongly first-order phase change at Tc into a tetragonal ferroelectric phase. For BaTiO3, it is known that the weaker first-order change at Tc (Tc−Θ∼10 °C) derives from the electrostrictive co…
By impact-collision ion-scattering spectroscopy we show that the growth of the (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)O reconstruction on Cu(110) proceeds via added Cu-O rows in the [001] direction on top of flat terraces. The observed small creation energy for copper adatoms provides a solution of the mass-transport p…
Emission spectra from the parity-allowed electronic transitions between the lowest crystal field level of the 6d1 configuration to all the electronic levels of the 5f1 configuration of Pa4+ diluted into single crystals of Cs2ZrCl6 at 4.2 K show highly structured vibronic sidebands. Vibronic progressions are seen along…
Investigations on the lattice dynamics of muscovite and vermiculite have been carried out by inelastic neutron scattering and Raman scattering. In the neutron measurements, dispersion curves for the out-of-plane and in-plane LA and TA phonons were fully obtained for muscovite, while more limited data were obtained for…
Angle-resolved synchrotron-radiation photoemission spectroscopy was used to determine the spin-orbit splitting between the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{8}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{7}$ valence bands and to map the dispersion E(k) of the light- and heavy-hole bands as well as the split-off valence band…
Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) techniques have been used to examine denatured states of lysozyme produced under a variety of conditions. 1H CIDNP difference spectra of lysozyme denatured thermally, by the addition of 10 M urea, or by the complete reduction of its four disulfide bond…
The electron density distribution of the solvent in the cubic insulin crystal structure, which occupies 65% of the volume, has been mapped from 1.7-A resolution diffraction data by an iterative difference Fourier method, using the previously determined protein structure as the refinement restraint. Starting with phase…
Part 1 The growth of children and young adolescents: the basic patterns of growth the sizing criteria of age and height the anthropemetrical divisions. Part 2 System development: anthropemetrical research the establishment of principles the sub-systems for each group the master grading chart for children's clothes the…