Studies on Hemicellulose of Bamboo
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Roles of the Donor and Acceptor Chains in the Metal-Insulator Transition in TTF-TCNQ (Tetrathiafulvalene Tetracyanoquinodimethane)
The separate contributions of the TTF and TCNQ chains to the total magnetic susceptibility of TTF-TCNQ are evaluated from measurements of the gyromagnetic ratio and EPR linewidth. From the temperature dependence of these susceptibilities, we show that the metal-insulator transition at 54\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\…
Critical Scattering from Piezoelectric Ferroelectrics
The complex asymmetric critical scattering observed in quasielastic neutron scattering measurements in K${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ is explained as arising from the piezoelectric coupling between the acoustic waves and the ferroelectric fluctuations. Detailed calculations give good agreement with the availab…
Microanalytical Characterization of Stress Corrosion Cracking in Power Plant Heat Exchanger Tubing
The essential shell-and-tube type heat exchanger construction is used in both fossil-fired and nuclear-fueled electric power plants in several large-sized design variants. Typical functions include feedwater heaters (FWH) operating on turbine extraction steam on the shell side to preheat both low and high pressure fee…
Random-Walk Model of Energy Transfer in Cathodoluminescence
The probability $S$ of energy transfer from excited host lattice to activator ions can be calculated from experimental concentration-dependence data. It is 0.66 for ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$S: Eu, $S$ is the quantum efficiency for host-excited luminescence and can be used to calculate cathodoluminescence ef…
Corrosion by Microbiological Organisms in Natural Waters
Microbiological organisms, or microbes as they are more commonly known, may be classified in four general groups: (1) Bacteria; (2) Fungi; (3) Algae; (4) Yeasts. These groups broadly represent all the flora and fauna of the microbiological world. Certain species from all groups are known to cause corrosion of metals.…
Void growth kinetics in irradiated metals
Void and interstitial dislocation loop nucleation and growth in a metal irradiated by fast particles are theoretically investigated on the basis of the kinetic equations for cluster size distribution functions. It is assumed that (i) the dislocations and dislocation loops are the preferential sinks for interstitials;…
Comment on the crystal and magnetic structures of CaCu5-type compounds of th with Fe, Co, and Ni
The results of neutron and X-ray diffraction studies on compounds of the series ThFe5−5xNi5x are re-interpreted using the experimental data now available for similar compounds of the series ThCo5−5xNi5x and ThFe5−5xCo5x. It is shown that in ThFe5−5xNi5x, too, there also exists a deviation from the truly random distrib…
Magnetoelastic properties of (Rare-Earth)–Co2 compounds. II. The anisotropic magnetostriction
The anisotropic magnetostriction of the cubic Laves-phase compounds RCo2 (R = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) has been measured from 4.2 K to above the ordering temperatures. Large magnetostrictions are observed for all compounds except GdCo2 the largest effect being in TbCo2. An attempt is made to deduce the single c…
The electronic and vibrational spectra of t r a n s-[NiCl4(H2O)2]2− anions in crystalline Rb2NiCl4⋅2H2O and the effective symmetry of mixed-ligand nickel(II) complexes
Raman, far infrared, and electronic absorption spectra have been recorded for the [NiCl4(H2O)2]2− anion in dirubidium tetrachlorodiaquonickelate(II), Rb2NiCl4⋅2H2O. The vibrational spectra are analyzed in terms of an effective anion symmetry sufficiently low to remove all eigenstate degeneracies, while the d-electron…
Rapid turn-off in triode optical gate liquid crystal devices
A liquid crystal field-effect light valve with high-speed turn-off operation is described. The three-terminal device is symmetric in its turn-on/turn-off operation and uses digital rather than multifrequency addressing.
Accurate Measurement of Magnetization of Fe3O4in the Vicinity of the Transition
The magnetization of magnetite was measured with high accuracy in the temperature region of the transition. The decrease of the saturation magnetization of about 0.1% was observed on cooling. The observed changes of the apparent magnetization along various directions are quantitatively explained in terms of the orthor…
X-ray study of the α–β transformation of berlinite (AlPO4)
The α–β transformation of berlinite (AlPO 4 ) at 586 °C was studied by X-ray diffraction. Atomic displacements were obtained from results of least-squares refinement of data taken between room temperature and 600 °C using reflections whose intensity is unaffected by Dauphiné twinning. The results suggest a rotational…
Systematic study of the transitions in tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) and its selenium analogs
We have carried out a comparative study of the dc conductivity in tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) and its isostructural selenium analogs TSeF-TCNQ (tetraselenafulvalene) and cis/trans-DSeDTF-TCNQ (diselenadithiafulvalene) below their metal-insulator transitions. Our study reveals the presence of…
Thermal Expansion of TFe2(T=Zr, Hf, Ti, Sc and Ce) Laves Phase Intermetallic Compounds
To specify the condition for the anomalous thermal expansion due to a large spontaneous volume magnetostriction in ferromagnetic Laves phase intermetallic TFe 2 compounds, thermal expansion measurements for some TFe 2 compounds were made. The obtained results suggest that the anomaly is sensitive to the interatomic di…
Sphere tensiometry: an evaluation and critique
An absolute gravimetric method of measuring surface and interfacial tensions of liquids by pulling a sphere through the interface is examined. The method also permits simultaneous measurement of the contact angle of the liquid on the sphere surface; this enables corrections to be made for incomplete wetting of the sol…
Magnetic Transition of the Mn2Sb-Mn2As System
The system Mn 2 Sb (1- x ) As ( x ) (0≦ x ≦1) is found to be solid solutions of the Cu 2 Sb type by X-ray analysis. A magnetic phase diagram has been produced by magnetic measurments in the temperature range 80 to 1100 K. Transition from antiferromagnetic to ferrimagnetic states with increasing temperature was observe…
Study of the pressure-induced phase transition in paratellurite (TeO2)
X-ray measurements have been carried out on paratellurite (${\mathrm{TeO}}_{2}$) at pressures up to 89 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1 kbar. Based on both single-crystal and polycrystalline data, a phase transformation from the tetragonal $P{4}_{1}{2}_{1}2 ({D}_{4}^{4})$ space group to the orthorhombic $P{2}_{1}{2}_{1}…
Superstructure and modulation wave analysis for the unidimensional conductor hepta- (tetrathiafulvalene) pentaiodide
When acetonitrile solutions of tetrathiafulvalene [i.e., (C3S2H2)2; herein called TTF] and iodine, I2, are allowed to mix by diffusion, monoclinic crystals are formed with the approximate composition (TTF)7I5. These crystals have an electrical conductivity along the needle axis c of 300 ohm−1⋅cm−1 at room temperature.…
Spin Waves in Heusler Alloys Pd2MnSn and Ni2MnSn
The magnetic interactions in Heusler alloys Pd 2 MnSn and Ni 2 MnSn have been investigated using neutron spin wave scattering. The spin wave dispersion relations along the [00ζ], [ζζ0] and [ζζζ] directions have been observed across the whole magnetic Brillouin zone. The results have been analyzed using a Heisenberg Ha…