Materials Literature
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Abstract A series of conducting polyaniline/poly(butadiene‐co‐styrene‐co‐2‐vinylpyridine) (PBSP) latex composites was prepared by polymerization of aniline in the presence of PBSP latex. The mass loading of polyaniline in the composite latex can be controlled by varying the PBSP latex/aniline charging ratio and oxidan…
A differential thermal analysis (DTA) method has been developed that identifies and distinguishes surface and internal (volume) crystallization in glasses. This method is fast, convenient, and requires only a small quantity of sample, ∼500 mg, to identify the dominant crystallization, surface versus internal, in the g…
ABSTRACT Cross‐sections of cooked muscle were prepared using a vibrating microtome. Average fiber cross‐sectional area was measured by confocal scanning laser microscopy and image analysis. Fiber cross‐sectional area significantly correlated with sensory perception of firmness (r = ‐0.91, p < 0.01). Sensory firmnes…
Classical continuum descriptions of material degradation may cease tobe mathematically meaningful in case of softening-induced localisationof deformation. Several enhancements of conventional models have beenproposed to remove this deficiency. The properties of two of theseso-called regularisation methods, the non-loc…
It is found that the proton is strongly absorbed in heavily Sc-doped ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$. Neutron-diffraction measurements were performed using single crystals. The O-H distance is found to be about 1.2 \AA{} and the proton concentration is estimated to be about 2 mol % for ${\mathrm{SrTi}}_{0.98}$${\mathrm{Sc}}_{0…
We present the results of a molecular dynamics computer simulation in which we investigate the dynamics of silica. By considering different system sizes, we show that in simulations of the dynamics of this strong glass former surprisingly large finite size effects are present. In particular, we demonstrate that the re…
Inelastic neutron scattering and neutron diffraction were used to study a single crystal of the ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$MnGa shape memory Heusler alloy in a wide temperature range covering the parent phase ($T>{T}_{1}=260$ K), a premartensitic phase (${T}_{1}>T>{T}_{M}$), and a martensitic ($T<{T}_{M}=220$ K) p…
Abstract Illite polytype quantification allows the differentiation of diagenetic and detrital illite components. In Paleozoic shales from the Illinois Basin, we observe 3 polytypes: 1M d , 1M and 2M 1 . 1M d and 1M are of diagenetic origin and 2M 1 is of detrital origin. In this paper, we compare experimental X-ray di…
Sucrose, glucose and fructose are degraded in the Gram-negative bacterium Zymomonas mobilis via an anaerobic version of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, to an equimolar mixture of ethanol and carbon dioxide. Sucrose is split extracellularly into glucose and fructose (or levan). The two sugars are transported into the cel…
The definition of molecular cooperativity is discussed. The characteristic length of the glass transition describes the size of this cooperativity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and heat capacity spectroscopy (HCS) results of a series of poly(n-alkyl methacrylates) (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pent…
Nanoparticles are polymeric particles in the nanometer size range whereas microparticles are particles in the micrometre size range. Both types of particle are used as drug carriers into which drugs or antigens may be incorporated in the form of solid solutions or solid dispersions or onto which these materials may be…
Elongated, hexagonal-prismatic seed crystals are the starting point for the hierarchical growth of anisotropic spherical aggregates of fluorapatite in gelatin matrices. Discrete dumbbell-shaped aggregates (scanning electron microscope image shown on the right) are formed by self-similar, branched, needlelike upgrowths…
A novel ceramic synthesis technique, combustion synthesis, was explored to produce red‐emitting Cr 3+ ‐doped Y 3 A1 5 O 12 and Eu 3+ ‐doped Y 2 O 3 phosphors with improved physical and luminescent properties. This technique involves the reaction of metal nitrates (oxidizers) and an organic fuel (urea, carbohydrazide,…
Benthic diatoms and water chemistry were sampled from 49 stream sites in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands region of the United States to evaluate the use of diatoms as indicators of environmental conditions in streams across varying geographic and ecoregional areas. Diatom samples were collected from depositional and erosio…
(1996). Applications of Chitin and Chitosan for Biomaterials. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 383-420.
Abstract The composites discussed in this review are prepared using techniques similar to those used in the new sol‐gel approach to ceramics. Organometallis such as silicates, titanates, and aluminates are hydrolyzed in the presence of polymer chains (for example polysiloxanes and polyimides) that typically contain hy…
As part of a general work on doped manganese perovskites, we have carried out detailed neutron-scattering experiments on powder and single crystals of the othorhombic phase of undoped LaMn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization has been determined in the antiferromagnetic phase (…
The Journal of Phycology was founded in 1965 by the Phycological Society of America. All aspects of basic and applied research on algae are included to provide a common medium for the ecologist, physiologist, cell biologist, molecular biologist, morphologist, oceanographer, taxonomist, geneticist, and biochemist. The…
The effect of Fe doping (20%) on the Mn site in the ferromagnetic ($x=0.37$) and the antiferromagnetic ($x=0.53$) phases of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been studied. The same ionic radii of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ cause no structure change in…
A study was conducted on the effects of microstructure, atmosphere, and several dopants on the electrical conductivity of bismuth titanate (Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 , BIT). Increased grain size increased the conductivity in undoped BIT as did acceptor dopants that substituted for either Bi (Ca and Sr) or Ti (Fe). A donor dopant…