Materials Literature
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The effect of the sample particle size on the crystal structure and the Curie temperature of BaTiO 3 powder has been investigated in the particle size range 0.1 to 1.0 μm. The transformation from tetragonal to cubic symmetry occurs at a critical particle size of 0.12 μm at room temperature, and the Curie temperature d…
Ferroelectric properties of copolymers of vinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene and tetrafluoroethylene are described with special interest in their polarization reversal and phase transition behavior. The ferroelectric phase consists of all-trans molecules packed in a parallel fashion while molecules adopt irreg…
NRCVAX is a complete system of programs, covering all aspects of crystal structure analysis from data reduction to the presentation of results. The system, which is written in a `neutral' Fortran 77, presently exists in two forms. The first runs on a VAX computer under VMS, on an 80386 PC under UNIX and under IBM VM/C…
The methods and the experimental technique for investigating desorption stimulated by electronic excitations (DSEE) under electron and photon irradiation of the surface of a solid are described. The most general experimental results of DSEE research on adsorption systems with different kinds of bonding are systematize…
A range of aluminosilicate solutions were investigated. The gelation behaviour, the species in solution (as observed by NMR) and the zeolite crystallization products are described. The effect of concentration and type of alkali metal cation present in solution gives information about the formation of aluminosilicate c…
A reliable means of removing surface layers of diamond is of significant importance for microelectronics as well as for other applications such as polishing of the diamond surface. Preliminary studies using reactive ion etching with O2 and H2 showed etching rates of the order of 560 Å/min for thin carbon films and 350…
This is the first book devoted to the role of chemical synthetic techniques in the development of advanced ceramic materials. It bridges the gap between existing volumes dealing with the properties of ceramic materials, for example their mechanical properties, and those on chemistry. The author describes the variety o…
Biomineralization among living organisms is widespread, occurring in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It is diverse with some 60 or so minerals known to be formed by organisms under a wide variety of conditions. They are deposited at many different locations both inside and outside cells. Biomineralization occurs on s…
We have established correlations between the liquid crystal (LC) droplet size and selected characteristics of polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films, formed by photopolymerization of LC dissolved in a monomer. The LC droplet size was controlled by means of the ultraviolet (UV) exposure intenstiy, LC concentrati…
The response times and operating voltages for light shutters made from polymer dispersed liquid crystals' are studied. Alterations in the resistivity of the polymer binder are made by varying the degree of cross-linking to demonstrate and quantitize the strong effect of resistivity on the switching voltage. The v…
We discuss the conditions under which the electric fields produced by polarization space charge need to be included in calculating the response of ferroelectric liquid crystals to applied electric fields. We present a simple example to illustrate the basic physical effect of polarization space charge and apply the res…
Diffusion of a metal (Cu) into a fully cured polymer (polyimide) below the glass transition has been systematically investigated for the first time by means of low-energy ion sputtering in combination with a radiotracer technique. The penetration profiles exhibit a steep non-Fickian decay of the tracer concentration o…
An equivalent weight series of short-side-chain perfluorosulfonic polymers has been studied in the sulfonyl fluoride, sulfonic acid, and sodium sulfonate forms by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide angle X-ray scattering. Results indicate that the functional form of the polyme…
The crystallization of the minor component in incompatible polymer blends starts sometimes at distinctly larger undercoolings than in the pure polymer, and proceeds in several separated steps. After a short survey on the history of the effect in the available literature, the several types and the origin of this "fract…
This chapter provides a broad overview of the subjects of polymer blends and ionomers. Specific topics concerning polymer blends include the thermodynamics of mixing of polymer-polymer pairs, polymer interfaces, rheology, and mechanical properties. For ionomers, the chemistry, structure, rheology and solution properti…
This chapter provides a broad overview of the subjects of polymer blends and ionomers. Specific topics concerning polymer blends include the thermodynamics of mixing of polymer-polymer pairs, polymer interfaces, rheology, and mechanical properties. For ionomers, the chemistry, structure, rheology and solution properti…
Abstract Water sorption and diffusion has been measured in polyamide–imide over a range of temperature and relative humidities. The results are compared to those obtained on Kapton and discussed in terms of chemical differences between these two materials. Changes in dielectric loss during hydrothermal aging under 85°…
Abstract Samples of crosslinked cis ‐polybutadiene were crystallized at different temperature and drawing degree. The melting behavior of the crystallized samples was analyzed detecting the retractive stress as a function of temperature. The experimental melting data were extrapolated to the equilibrium conditions to…
Abstract The reaction between diisocyanates and diepoxides can produce polyoxazolidones. However, the reaction may be accompanied by concurrent cyclization of isocyanate to produce trimeric isocyanurate. Studies were performed with pure phenyl isocyanate or diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate (MDI) and the diglycidyl et…
Abstract Micro- and macroscopic aspects of large-strain deformation are examined through analyses of shear by using physical and phenomenological models. Past experiments and analyses are first reviewed to reveal current issues and put the present work in perspective. These issues are addressed by a complete set of si…