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LX. A mechanism for the growth of deformation twins in crystals
Summary The principal difficulty in developing a dislocation theory of mechanical twinning has been to explain how a twin grows through a finite thickness of crystal. By extending the recent theory of slip bands, proposed by Frank and Read, it is possible to show that a dislocation can move steadily from plane to plan…
Theory of Antiferroelectric Crystals
An antiferroelectric state is defined as one in which lines of ions in the crystal are spontaneously polarized, but with neighboring lines polarized in antiparallel directions. In simple cubic lattices the antiferroelectric state is likely to be more stable than the ferroelectric state. The dielectric constant above a…
A Precise Mechanical Measurement of the Gyromagnetic Ratio of Iron
In this experiment the gyromagnetic ratio of a sample of very pure iron was determined. The sample was wound with a magnetizing coil and supported as a torsional pendulum in an evacuated space almost completely free of residual magnetic fields. Changes in pendulum amplitude were brought about by repeated and synchroni…
Conductivity of Cold-Worked Metals
In the vicinity of an edge type dislocation, the density of electrons, and therefore the width of the filled portion of the conduction band is not uniform. To keep the electrons in equilibrium, an electrostatic potential is required. The scattering caused by this potential is used to calculate the increased resistance…
The Quadrilateral ‘Shear’ Panel
Among the problems introduced by swept wings is that of the non‐rectangular panel in equilibrium under loading applied tangentially along its edges. The present article examines the state of stress in a general uniform quadrilateral panel and, for the benefit of stiffness calculations, the strain energy stored in it.…
The Thermal Decomposition of Dioxolane1
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Thermal Decomposition of Dioxolane1William B. Guenther and W. D. WaltersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 2127–2131Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja011…
Reactions between Alkali Superoxides and Some Alkaline Earth Nitrates in Liquid Ammonia
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions between Alkali Superoxides and Some Alkaline Earth Nitrates in Liquid AmmoniaEdgar Seyb Jr. and Jacob KleinbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 2308–2309Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 M…
LII. Grain boundary diffusion in metals
By an extension of a recent analysis of the problem of grain boundary diffusion in metals, the expression has been derived relating the diffusion coefficients D′ and D for grain boundary and for volume diffusion, δ the effective “ width ” of the grain boundary and α the angle at time t between a line of constant conce…
The Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Nitric Acid Vapor
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Nitric Acid VaporHarold S. Johnston, Louise Foering, Yu-Sheng Tao, and G. H. MesserlyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 2319–2321Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published in…
A Preliminary Study of the Kinetics of Pyrolysis of Diborane1
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Preliminary Study of the Kinetics of Pyrolysis of Diborane1Richard P. Clarke and Robert N. PeaseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 2132–2134Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs…
Kinetics of Pyrolysis of Diborane1
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of Pyrolysis of Diborane1John K. Bragg, Lewis V. McCarty, and F. J. NortonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 2134–2140Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.102…
Spectroscopy in Infrared by Reflection and Its Use for Highly Absorbing Substances*
The infrared spectra of many strongly-absorbing solids and liquids can be measured directly only with difficulties, involving preparation of very thin sections, or mulling the substance with diluents, etc. In such cases, the measurement of reflection offers an advantage. If the measurements are performed at two differ…
The Structure of Hair, Muscle, and Related Proteins
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Precise Determination of Lattice Constants by Electron Diffraction and Variations in the Lattice Constants of Very Small Crystallites
Previous workers have reported that lattice constants determined by electron diffraction differ from the accepted X-ray values. It has been suggested that these differences may be due to a change in lattice constant with crystal size. To examine this question further, the lattice constants of several alkali halides ha…
Polysoaps. I. Viscosity and solubilization studies on an n‐dodecyl bromide addition compound of poly‐2‐vinylpyridine
Abstract Polysoaps are defined as polymers to whose chain soap molecules are attached. Through the reaction of poly‐2‐vinylpyridine with n ‐dodecyl bromide such a polysoap was prepared in which 33.7% of the nitrogens were quarternized. This polysoap exhibited reduced viscosities in aqueous solution which were smaller…
Intrinsic Viscosity Relationships for Polystyrene1
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntrinsic Viscosity Relationships for Polystyrene1T. G Fox Jr. and P. J. FloryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 1915–1920Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0…
Particle Size in Suspension Polymerization
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParticle Size in Suspension PolymerizationF. H. Winslow and W. MatreyekCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 5, 1108–1112Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50497a031h…
Mechanism of the degradation of polyamides
Films of polyamides were exposed to heat, ultra-violet radiant energy, and different atmospheric conditions. The degradation products were collected in some cases and analysed by mass-spectrometric techniques. The unexposed and exposed specimens were examined by the following techniques to obtain information concernin…
Some Quantitative Data Bearing on the Scabbing of Metals under Explosive Attack
Fracturing, or scabbing, of a material near a free surface as the result of a transient compressional stress wave of high intensity impinging on that surface has been observed for many years; however, little quantitative data that relate the fracture to the nature of the stress wave and the physical properties of the…