Materials Literature
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The conversion of heat to electricity by means of the pyroelectric effect is demonstrated here. The basic thermal-electrical cycle is described. The production of 100 mj of electrical energy per cubic centimeter of ferroelectric material (PZST) per thermal cycle (with a temperature span of 20°C) has been observed. Thi…
Reviews the theorem that the Maxwell action, and not just the field equation, is invariant under duality transformations.
Processes involving melting have been of fundamental importance in the origin and evolution of the Earth and other terrestrial planets, but thermodynamic data and physical properties of liquids necessary to calculate phase relationships are not well known, particularly at high pressures. We present revised fusion curv…
Due to the nonlinear nature of the relevant mathematical equations, previous solutions to the geometrically simple problem of pinning of a 180° ferromagnetic domain wall by a single planar defect in an infinite medium contain the approximation of small deviations in the nature of the defect material relative to the ho…
Compositional changes adjacent to grain boundaries in heavily degraded samples of a ZnO varistor containing the additives Bi and Co have been observed with the scanning transmission electron microscope. A marked asymmetry in the distribution of Bi and Co with respect to the physical location of the boundary is found,…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganofluorosilicates in organic synthesis. 14. Carbon-carbon bond formation promoted by palladium saltsJunichi Yoshida, Kohei Tamao, Hiraku Yamamoto, Toshio Kakui, Toshio Uchida, and Makoto KumadaCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 3, 542–549Publication Date (Print):March 1…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-13 NMR and order in celluloseGary E. Maciel, Waclaw L. Kolodziejski, Maria S. Bertran, and Bruce E. DaleCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 2, 686–687Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982http…
Summary The crystallization of calcium carbonate on calcite and aragonite at 70 deg. C has been investigated by use of a highly reproducible seeded growth technique. In both cases the rates of reaction are proportional to the square of the relative supersaturations and are surface controlled. The presence of low level…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(trialkylsilyl) chalcogenides. 1. Preparation and reduction of group VIA oxidesMichael R. Detty and Mark D. SeidlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 7, 1354–1356Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March…
Amorphous metallic ribbons annealed in transverse fields have enormous magnetoelastic coupling. An integrating magnetometer was used to measure magnetization M as a function of applied field H and tensile stress T in such ribbons, from which is determined the magnetostriction λs. A simple phenomenological model of mom…
The stress due to thermal expansion anisotropy in polycrystalline Al 2 O 3 was measured. The broadening of spectroscopic R lines (692 and 693 nm, due to Cr 3+ impurities) was used to measure the stresses (at 77 K) in samples with grain sizes of 50 to 150 μm that had been cooled, from 2150 K, at constant rates from 0.1…
Concepts of the synthesis of shell topological compounds, which consist of a guest molecule (or molecules) trapped by a host molecule with a spacial, egg shell-like structure are discussed. Generally, both constructing the shell molecule in the presence of a guest molecule and constructing the guest molecule in the pr…
The adhesion and locomotion of mouse peripheral lymph node lymphocytes on 2-D protein- coated substrata and in 3-D matrices were compared. Lymphocytes did not adhere to, or migrate on, 2-D substrata suck as serum- or fibronectin-coated glass. They did attach to and migrate in hydrated 3-D collagen lattices. When the c…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetalloid porphyrins and phthalocyaninesPhillip Sayer, Martin Gouterman, and Charles R. ConnellCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1982, 15, 3, 73–79Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystallinity in perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers and related polymersHoward W. Starkweather Jr.Cite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 2, 320–323Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org…
Abstract Based on a few characteristics of the pure rubber and plastic components, rubber-plastic combinations can be selected, with a high probability of success, to give thermoplastic vulcanizates (by dynamic vulcanization) of good mechanical integrity and elastic recovery. The characteristics used in the selection…
Summary Translocated (oxalate‐soluble) Al and Fe are present predominantly in inorganic forms in the B 2 horizons of the five pcdzol profiles examined: A1 as imogolite and proto‐imogolite allophanes, and Fe as a separate oxide phase. Below the top few cm of the B 2 horizon, over 75 per cent of the extractable (acid‐pl…
The structure of 52/48 mol % copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene has been investigated at various temperatures by X-ray diffraction. Melt-solidified samples consist of a mixture of two disordered crystalline phases, one trans-planar, the other 3/1-helical. Samples may be transformed to either phase…
The principal sources of fracture in ceramic polycrystals have been identified; they include surface cracks produced during surface finishing and voids, inclusions, or large grains generated during processing. The dominance of a specific fracture source depends on the microstructure, test temperature, and stress distr…
This paper presents the structural, electrical, and optical properties of F- and (Sb+F)-doped tin oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. Resistivity as low as 5.5×10−4 Ω cm with high optical transmission (≳80%) and high infrared reflection (∼90%) have been obtained in F-doped tin oxide films. The figure of…