Materials Literature
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Abstract Effects of flow velocity on corrosion and galvanic corrosion behavior in wet CO2 environments were investigated using flow loop tester for materials and material combinations from carbon steels to corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs) more than 13%Cr stainless steels. The flow velocity dependence of corrosion rat…
Abstract The efficiency of an inhibitor was evaluated on precorroded samples at different temperatures, pH values and flow velocities. A procedure based on the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and rotating cylinder electrodes was implemented in order to study the effect of these variables. An experi…
Abstract The wettability of carbon steel surfaces with aqueous media (distilled water, brines) and hydrocarbon media (crude oils) was studied under CO2 corrosion conditions at 75 and 80°C and 5 bar CO2 with respect to the effect of surface active compounds (inhibitors, demulsifiers) by quasi-insitu and insitu contact…
Abstract This program evaluated the effectiveness of long term cathodic protection (CP) to mitigate corrosion under a disbonded coating that contains an adjacent holiday and is immersed in a high resistivity soil environment. The parameters that were varied included environment resistivity and applied current density.…
Abstract There are several chemical plants along the river Rhine that use river water as coolant in once through-systems. Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC) failures occur on stainless steel pipes and also in heat exchanger tubes coming in contact with this cooling water. This paper presents results of failure ana…
Abstract Conservative, practical guidelines for the minimum water content required to prevent methanolic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Ti-6Al-4V-Ru and Ti-3Al-2.5V-Ru alloy tubulars have been developed from slow strain rate testing in plain and acidified NaCl-saturated methanol-water solutions at 25°C. A minimum…
Abstract A mechanistic model was developed for predicting carbon dioxide corrosion rates of carbon steel pipes in multiphase flow conditions. The model incorporates the chemistry, thermodynamics of carbon dioxide dissolution, multiphase mass transfer, electrochemical kinetics on the metal surface and the presence of a…
Abstract It is widely accepted that sulfate reducers, acid producers, metal oxidizers and certain other bacteria can contribute to corrosion. However, it is far from clear how biological activity influences corrosion processes, how much metal loss is caused by bacteria, and most importantly, how microbial attack can b…
Abstract Failure analysis of corroded well tubing steel grade L-80, removed from three separate seawater injection wells on two of our operated fields has revealed the importance of steel microstructure and alloying chemistry. In the first seawater injection well, marked differences in the severity of the corrosion da…
Abstract A large amount of effort has been invested trying to understand the mechanisms through which CO2 and H2S act upon metallic surfaces. These efforts have led to different models, correlations or charts. However, present knowledge on the exact form under which these gases react on metal surfaces is far from comp…
Abstract Silica is becoming the critical limiting factor in the reuse of water. Silica deposit is caused as a result of its polymerization, coprecipitation with other minerals, precipitation with other multivalent ions, and biological activity in the water. Several of these processes may take place concurrently, makin…
Abstract The overpack that geologically stores the canisters containing vitrified high-level radioactive waste (HLW) for super-long term disposal is demanded of being able to hold the canisters securely for at least 1,000 years. For such a service, the greatest as well as essentially the sole factor that can mar the o…
Abstract Stainless steels are an important group of materials for seawater systems. This group of materials, including high alloyed austenitic and superduplex type materials, was primarily introduced with the aim to reduce maintenance costs involved with materials as carbon steel with internal linings and coatings. Ho…
The UV photodesorption of methyl halides from TiO2(110) has been investigated using quadrupole mass spectrometry. For low fluence irradiation (<800 μJ/cm2) and ⩽1 ML coverages of methyl iodide, the photodesorption yield decreases exponentially with photon dose, indicating a nonthermal, single-photon process. Th…
Abstract CO2 corrosion of carbon steel and its inhibition in mixtures of water and ethylene glycol (MEG) or diethylene glycol (DEG) has been studied at 1 bar CO2, 25 °C, pH 5 under natural convection conditions. Corrosion rates predicted by the glycol at 1 bar CO2,25 °C, pH 5 under natural convection agreement with th…
Abstract The initiation and development of mesa corrosion attack during CO2 corrosion of carbon steel has been studied in flow loop experiments performed at 80 °C and pH 5.8. Video recordings of growing mesa attacks have been performed in a test section with a glass window in the corrosion loop. These observations hav…
Abstract Electrochemical noise techniques have been used to study corrosion related processes since the early 1980's. Preliminary studies of the electrochemical characteristics of localised corrosion phenomena, in particular pitting and cavitation attack, established the sensitivity of the technique for the detection…
The agglomeration of small silver clusters in noble gas matrices to form larger ones may be accompanied by the emission of light. Spectral analysis reveals that part of radiation intensity can be attributed to fluorescence from excited metal atoms, dimers and trimers the formation of which results from cluster/cluster…
Abstract This report will present a review of current research in the field of scale control. The report will give special emphasis to the areas of scale inhibition, scale squeeze treatments, predicting scale deposition and removing scale deposits. Recent developments that are of particular to the oil industry are dis…
Abstract Numerous breakthroughs in environmental protection and pollution prevention have been realized in recent years by both industry and academia through the application of green chemistry principles. Green chemistry, or pollution prevention at the molecular level, is chemistry designed to reduce or eliminate the…