Materials Literature
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Cubic Y 6 WO 12 , which has a defect fluorite‐type structure with disordered cation and anion sublattices, was synthesized for the first time at the low temperature of 600°C by a polymerized complex method. The crystallization process of Y 6 WO 12 from an amorphous precursor has been investigated in detail using TG‐DT…
The application of shape memory alloy (SMA) thin films in optical devices is introduced and explored for the first time. Physical and optical properties of titanium-nickel (TiNi) SMA thin films change as these films undergo phase transformation on heating. An optical beam can be modulated either mechanically with a Ti…
The tripodal ligand tris[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-aza-3-buten]amine (H3vantren) offers two coordination sites, an inner N4O3 one and an outer O6 one. Therefore, it can successively encapsulate two different metal ions, a 3d(III) ion in the N4O3 site, and a 4f(III) ion in the O6 site. This general route to homo-…
The micromechanical deformation behavior of transparent rubber-toughened poly(methylmethacrylate) (RTPMMA) was investigated by electron microscopy. With increasing volume fraction of particles (from 4 vol% to 35 vol%) RTPMMA showed a transition of deformation mode from brittle to ductile. In both cases the particles d…
The preparation of organic–inorganic polymer hybrids consisting of carbon–carbon and siloxane chains was investigated by radical polymerization of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAS) followed by acid-catalyzed hydrolytic polycondensation. The condensation of poly(3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) (S-PMA) of…
An experimental study on the thermal expansion of a collection of crosslinked low-density polyethylene (LDPE) foams with closed-cell structure is presented. The thermal characterization of these materials, the relationships between the linear thermal expansion coefficient and the structure of the foams, and the determ…
Abstract The structures of hexagonal μ -MgZnRE phases of Mg 28.3 Zn 65.2 Sm 6.5 and Mg 28.6 Zn 63.8 Gd 7.7 , were determined by single crystal X-ray structural analysis: μ MgZnSm, P 6 3 / mmc (No. 194), a = 14.619(1) Å, c = 8.708(1) Å, atoms/cell = 92, F (000) = 2484, μ = 27.44 mm −1 , D calc = 5.621 Mg m −3 , R = 0.0…
We present 14 examples of crystal structures that were originally described as triclinic, but are properly described as either C -centred monoclinic (ten examples) or rhombohedral (four examples). There is also one example each of changes from P 1 to P 1¯ and from Cc to C 2/ c .
We present measurements of internal friction and shear modulus of amorphous Si $(a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Si})$ and amorphous Ge $(a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ge})$ films on double-paddle oscillators at 5500 Hz from 0.5 K up to room temperature. The temperature- independent plateau in internal friction below 10 K, which is c…
In modeling the solidification of an alloy, two central numerical problems are:<list list-type="order"><list-item>The calculation of thermal and species transport fields which satisfy the conservation equations and are also consistent with the underlying thermodynamics.</list-item><list-item>The treatment of local sca…
Abstract To study the influence of potassium (K) fertilizer rate on soil test K values, crop yield, and K‐leaching in sandy soils, four long‐term fertilizer experiments (0–60–120–180 kg K ha −1 a −1 ) were initiated in 1988 in northern Germany on farmers fields. Clay content of the plow layer was about 4%, and organic…
Results of static and dynamic magnetic studies of the compound ${\mathrm{Mn}(\mathrm{TCNE})}_{x}\ensuremath{\cdot}y({\mathrm{CH}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{2})$ (TCNE =tetracyanoethylene) are reported. Curie-Weiss analysis of the high-temperature susceptibility data indicates a relatively strong exchange. The ac susceptibilit…
Syntheses of nanosized particles by using colloidal assemblies as templates are described. It is shown that the chemical mechanism in nanoparticles production can differ in colloidal assemblies from those usually observed in homogeneous solution. Hence, the know how of the solution chemistry cannot always be transferr…
In the salt formed by bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) with the $[{\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}{\mathrm{O}}_{19}{]}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ anion, the ${\mathrm{B}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{T}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{F}}^{+}$ cations form quasi-isolated dimers. For this reason $({\mathrm{B}\m…
The recent development of density functional theory (DFT) makes it possible to calculate accurately metalloporphyrin structures and potential surfaces. This is illustrated for nickel porphine, the vibrations of which are reliably assigned from extensive spectroscopic studies. With a minimal set of scaling factors, the…
A new dosimetric quantity, the lateral build-up ratio (LBR), has been introduced to calculate depth dose distribution for any shaped field. Factors to account for change in incident fluence with collimation are applied separately. The LBR data for a small circular field are used to extract radial spread of the pencil…
Abstract The transformation of smectite into kaolinite and kaolinite-smectite interstratification were studied in samples belonging to the Argiles Plastiques formation of the Paris basin, by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Two original smectite phases, 1) beidellite with 1-nm-thick layers, an…
Monitoring the generation of cavitation is of great interest for diagnostic and therapeutic use of ultrasound in medicine, since cavitation is considered to play a major role in nonthermal ultrasound interactions with tissue. Important parameters are the number of cavitation events and the energy released during the b…
Many biological applications of small-angle X-ray scattering, in particular time-resolved studies, are often limited by the flux incident on the sample due to the smaller scattering cross section of biological specimens. The wider-energy bandpass of a monochromator that consists of a pair of synthetic multilayer micro…
The macromolecular substitution approach for the synthesis of polyphosphazenes provides access to many different polymers. However, it precludes the use of reagents that contain two or more functional groups because such compounds would cause extensive crosslinking of the chains. This presents a problem because many o…