Materials Literature
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High-quality films of Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) have been prepared by ion-beam sputtering at deposition temperatures below 100 °C. As in the case of rf-sputtered films, the electrical and optical properties of these films depend strongly on the O2 partial pressure during deposition. As-deposited films with low electrical r…
Phase transitions in KCaCl 3 and RbCaCl 3 were investigated by means of optical and dilatometric measurements. It was suggested from these investigations that on heating from room temperature both crystals transform from the orthorhombic phase to the tetragonal phase and then to the cubic phase. This transition sequen…
Surface soft-x-ray absorption (SSXA) spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation has been applied to study oxygen chemisorption on aluminum (100), (110), and (111) single-crystal surfaces. Evidence is presented of oxygen-related extrinsic surface resonances above the Fermi level on all faces. From analysis of the SSXA sp…
The mechanical shear degradation of polydisperse polyisobutene and monodisperse polystrene in oils of different viscosities in the concentration range of 0.1% to 1% was studied using a high-shear concentric cylinder viscometer under laminar and uniform well-defined shear field conditions. Molecular weight distribution…
The permeation of water has been measured through polyimide film over a range of thicknesses, temperatures, and relative humidities. The concentration of absorbed water was found to depend on the relative humidity and not on the temperature or sample thickness, reaching a maximum of one water molecule per repeat unit…
The diffusion coefficients for titanium and niobium radioactive tracers were simultaneously measured in Ti, ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{94.6}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{5.4}$, ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{80.4}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{19.6}$, and ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{64.3}$${\mathrm{Nb}}_{35.7}$ over the temperature range from 950\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C…
The primary features of the Raman and infrared spectra of $A{X}_{2}$ tetrahedral glasses are associated with the edges of the vibrational bands calculated by Sen and Thorpe. The dominant Raman peak is assigned to a singular matrix element rather than a peak in the density of vibrational states. Simple expressions are…
The pinning of charge-density waves by impurities is considered in systems that exhibit at least short-range order in three dimensions. Impurities are classified into strong and weak with quite different pinning properties. The pinning of spin-density waves is weak and the phase values at impurity sites are almost ran…
Experimental evidence is given for two opposing effects of the voltage amplitude on the dielectric loss of solids resulting, respectively, from the injection of electronic charges and the removal of ionic charges. In each case, the condition corresponding to the least density of charge carriers approximates to the 'un…
Presents theoretical calculations and experimental observations on electron scattering by gases in the specimen chamber of a scanning electron microscope. The observed scattering is in good agreement with theoretical calculations based on elastic and inelastic electron scattering. For normal surface inspection work, g…
Based on the energy retardation power formula concerning the penetration and the energy loss of an electron probe into solid targets, the secondary electron emission yield delta due both to primary and back-scattered electrons is derived as functions of three parameters such as atomic number Z, first ionisation energy…
The optical transmittance of thin PdO films has been measured in the range 0.5-5.4 eV. From these data the optical constants have been determined by Kramers-Kronig analysis. A small band gap (0.8 eV) and a high dielectric constant (8.0) have been found.
Abstract Polyäthylen hoher Dichte (HD‐PE), Polyvinylchlorid (Weich‐PVC) und schlagzähes Polystyrol (HI‐PS), die 3 H‐markierte Additive enthielten, standen mit 14 C‐markierten Tricaprylin in Kontakt. Das Eindringen des Tricaprylins in die verschiedenen Kunststoffe und das gleichzeitige Auswandern der Kunststoffadditive…
Abstract The ability of potassium permanganate to induce graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto starch was investigated. The graft yield depends on monomer and initiator concentrations as well as reaction time and temperature. Chemical analysis of the reaction product of starch and (AN) in presence of potas…
Magnetic resonance measurements on a spinning sample of deuterated $n$-heptyloxyazozybenzene (HOAB-${d}_{30}$) are presented. The resulting spectral patterns for the deuterated terminal methyl groups display the biaxial character of the smectic-$C$ phase. Values for those biaxial order parameters which survive under f…
We report on the first successful double-scattering low-energy electron diffraction experiment, which clearly reveals spin-polarization effects. Polarization and intensity of the specular beam from W(001) have been measured as functions of the azimuthal angle of incidence ("rotation diagrams"). The agreement of the da…
Using Faraday's Law, one can calculate the weight of aluminum oxidized and a theoretical film thickness.
Abstract Massenspektroskopische Gleichgewichtsmessungen führten für homogene Gasgleichgewichte bei 298 K zu folgenden Ergebnissen: Für die Bildung von AScCl 4 (A = Li … Cs), NaMgCl 3 , MgScCl 5 und KGaCl 4 nach der allgemeinen Gleichung magnified image ist Y eine Funktion der Elektronegativitätsdifferenz von A und B.
Abstract Metastable SrSiO3 was formed during the course of the solid state reaction of SrCO3 and SiO2. The reaction mechanism was investigated by means of DTA and X-ray diffraction analysis. It was found that stable SrSiO3 is formed via two processes: (a) transformation of metastable into stable SrSiO3; (b) solid stat…
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