Materials Literature
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In this article nanosphere lithography (NSL) is demonstrated to be a materials general fabrication process for the production of periodic particle array (PPA) surfaces having nanometer scale features. A variety of PPA surfaces have been prepared using identical single-layer (SL) and double-layer (DL) NSL masks made by…
An enhanced, numerically stable transmittance matrix approach is developed and is applied to the implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis for surface-relief and multilevel gratings. The enhanced approach is shown to produce numerically stable results for excessively deep multilevel surface-relief dielectri…
The rigorous coupled-wave analysis technique for describing the diffraction of electromagnetic waves by periodic grating structures is reviewed. Formulations for a stable and efficient numerical implementation of the analysis technique are presented for one-dimensional binary gratings for both TE and TM polarization a…
Part 1 Liquid crystals - main types and properties: introduction - what is a liquid crystal? the building blocks nematics and cholesterics smectics columnar phases more on long-, quasi-long and short-range order remarkable features of liquid crystals. Part 2 Long- and short-range order in nematics: definition of an or…
Abstract FTIR measurements of sol fractions were carried out in order to assess side reactions during dicumyl peroxide (DCP) crosslinking of linear low density polyethylenes (LLDPEs) with homogeneous distribution of short chain branching. The changes of methyl and olefinic unsaturation concentration were measured as a…
Abstract Measurements of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the crystalline lattice of two semicrystalline thermoplastic polyimides are reported. NEW‐TPI and LARC‐CPI polyimides were studied using elevated temperature wide‐angle x‐ray scattering (WAXS) from 25°C. To 325°C. To examine possible shifts in the…
Abstract An amphoteric cellulose derivative, O ‐carboxymethyl‐ O ‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐(trimethylammonio) propylcellulose (CM‐HTMAPC), was prepared by the etherification of O ‐carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with (3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxy‐ n ‐propyl)‐trimethylammonium chloride in a NaOH solution. Apparent molecular sizes of the amphote…
Methods of preparing silicon nitride and materials as powders, and as materials consolidated from the powders, and also as films and coatings, are reviewed. Information on the structure and on the physicochemical properties of silicon nitride materials is analysed and discussed. The bibliography includes 172 reference…
Introduction Magneto-optical recording is an important mode of optical data storage; it is also the most viable technique for erasable optical recording at the present time. The MO read and write processes are both dependent on the interaction between the laser beam and the magnetic medium. In the preceding chapters w…
Introduction The diffraction of light plays an important role in optical data storage systems. The rapid divergence of the beam as it emerges from the front facet of the diode laser is due to diffraction, as is the finite size of the focused spot at the focal plane of the objective lens. Diffraction of light from the…
Abstract The rheological behavior of blends of natural rubber (NR) and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) latices has been studied with reference to the effects of blend ratio, shear rate, surface‐active agents (casein and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), and temperature. When the SBR content was less than 50%, the viscos…
Bovine seminal ribonuclease (BS-RNase) is a homodimeric enzyme strictly homologous to the pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A). Native BS-RNase is an equilibrium mixture of two distinct dimers differing in the interchange of the N-terminal segments and in their biological properties. The loop 16-22 plays a fundamental ro…
The diffusion path and diffusivity of oxygen in crystalline silicon are computed using an empirical interatomic potential which was recently developed for modelling the interactions between oxygen and silicon atoms. The diffusion path is determined by constrained energy minimization, and the diffusivity is computed us…
Etching and homoepitaxial growth were performed on 0.1°, 3.5°, and 11.0° off (001) diamond substrates using microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Etched surfaces showed a sequential morphological change from etch pits to stepped surface to flat surface with increasing misorientation angle. In homoepitax…
Pulsed-laser deposition of smooth high-Tc superconducting films almost free from droplets and precipitates with the use of velocity filtration of plasma particles is reported. We have removed droplets from laser-induced plasma by using a shutter technique; a reduction of the droplet density by a factor of 105 has been…
Epitaxial Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) thin films were deposited on LaAlO3 substrates with the conductive metallic oxide SrRuO3 (SRO) as a bottom electrode by pulsed laser deposition. The BST and SRO films were (𝒽00) and (00ℓ) oriented normal to the substrate surface, respectively. The epitaxial nature of both BST and SRO lay…
A spiral state is proposed to be the stable magnetic structure of perovskite $(\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a}\ensuremath{-}X){\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ ( $X$: Ba, Ca, or Sr) with a low concentration of $X$ ions, contrary to the canted state predicted before. We use a mean field approximation applied to a model which treats ${t}_{2g}$…
We present a new method to determine the lateral depletion length (LDL) at the boundary of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES). This approach exploits the fact that in high magnetic fields certain plasma excitations of the confined 2DES (edge-magnetoplasmons, EMPs) are sensitive to details of the density profile…
The surfaces of rubbed polyimide films for aligning liquid crystal have been studied by atomic force microscopy. The unrubbed films consisted of randomly distributed polyimide clusters of different sizes. On the rubbed surface, however, the clusters are aligned in long chains along the rubbing direction. The cluster c…
The normal state of the layered organic superconductors $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{-}(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{T}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{TF}{)}_{2}X$ ( $X\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{NCS}{)}_{2}$ and Cu[N(CN${)}_{2}$]Br) has been studied by ${}^{13}$C…