Materials Literature
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We present experimental support for a model of abalone nacre growth that is based on mineral bridges between successive aragonite tablets rather than on heteroepitaxial nucleation. Interlamellar sheets of organic polymers delineate the aragonite tablets but allow the tablets to grow mineral bridges through pores in th…
The influence of the simplifications introduced by modeling a molecular structure on the exchange coupling constant is studied for hydroxo-bridged Cu(II) binuclear complexes. This study focuses on the role of the terminal ligands and the counterions. The terminal ligands are responsible for marked changes in the excha…
▪ Abstract Scintillators are the primary radiation sensor in many applications such as medical diagnostics, medical radiographs, and industrial component inspection. Some of the limitations in the properties of single-crystal scintillators are discussed for imaging applications, and the advantages of a new class of po…
The magnetic properties of ruthenates with perovskite-derived structures, particularly ${(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r})\mathrm{RuO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{YRuO}}_{6}$, are studied within the context of band-structure-based Stoner theory. First principles calculations are used to demonstrate…
A generalized spherical-harmonic description of the texture for polycrystalline materials has been implemented in a multiple-phase/multiple-data-set Rietveld refinement code. It has been tested using two sets of neutron time-of-flight data taken from a standard calcite sample previously used for a round-robin study [W…
Anomalies in the dielectric constant and loss tangent have been observed in the ferroelectromagnet ${\mathrm{YMnO}}_{3}$ near its N\'eel temperature of \ensuremath{\sim}80 K and below its ferroelectric Curie temperature of \ensuremath{\sim}914 K. These anomalies are indicative of coupling between the ferroelectric and…
▪ Abstract Since the early 1970s, three major prerequisites have brought the success of the liquid crystal display (LCD) technology to its key role of today. Namely, the discovery of electro-optical field-effects on which the displays are based, the successful search for liquid crystals (LCs) with material properties…
Molecular orbital theoretical calculations based on the modified neglect of differential overlap (MNDO) method were performed on some substituted methyl pyridines and substituted ethane derivatives in common use as corrosion inhibitors for iron in acid media. New correlations of corrosion rates with the energy of the…
A comprehensive study was conducted on mesoporous MCM-41. Spectroscopic examinations demonstrated that three types of silanol groups, i.e., single, (SiO) 3 Si−OH, hydrogen-bonded, (SiO) 3 Si−OH-OH−Si(SiO) 3, and geminal, (SiO) 2 Si(OH) 2, can be observed. The number of silanol groups/nm 2, α OH, as determined by NMR,…
Polyimide-clay hybrid films with four different sizes of clay minerals have been synthesized to investigate the effect of the size of clay minerals to the properties of the hybrids. Hectrite, saponite, montmorillonite, and synthetic mica were used as clay minerals. Those clays consist of stacked silicate sheets about…
Second‐phase particles in Al‐4.4Cu‐15Mg‐0.6 Mn (2024‐T3) were characterized by size and chemistry using scanning electron microscopy and associated electron‐beam microanalysis methods. It was found that approximately 60% of particles greater than about 0.5 to 0.7 μm were (the S phase). This fraction corresponded to 2.…
Results of a data evaluation exercise are presented for a particular specification of sintered alpha‐alumina (mass fraction of Al2O3, ≥0.995; relative density (rho/rhotheoretical), ≥0.98; and nominal grain size, 5 μm). A comprehensive set of material property data is established based on published physical, mechanical…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDendrimers in Supramolecular Chemistry: From Molecular Recognition to Self-AssemblyFanwen Zeng and Steven C. ZimmermanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, 600 South Mathews Avenue, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 5,…
Aqueous solutions containing a high yield of suspended gold nanorods have been successfully synthesized via an electrochemical method. The control of preparing gold nanorods with different aspect ratios can be attained. Their absorption spectral features show a dominant surface plasma band corresponding to the longitu…
A large amount of work world-wide has been directed towards obtaining an understanding of the fundamental characteristics of porous Si. Much progress has been made following the demonstration in 1990 that highly porous material could emit very efficient visible photoluminescence at room temperature. Since that time, a…
A brief review of the effect of Newton's macroscopic dynamic shear viscosity on the rotation of a cylinder and a ball in a viscous fluid is presented. The approximate nature of some of Stokes' formulae is discussed, and formulae from elementary viscosity theory are given. The concept of molecular viscosity is introduc…
A systematic account is given of the known data on polytypism in nonmetallic substances with various structures. The existing hypotheses concerning the nature of polytypism are discussed. It is shown that polytype formation in nonmetallic crystals is a solid-state relaxation rearrangement accompanied by the formation…
The current state of research into the oxo-acidity in alkali metal nitrate, sulfate, and halide melts is analysed on the basis of the proposed classification of oxo-acidity reactions (Lux–Flood acid–base interactions). It is established that a considerable proportion of literature data on homogeneous acid–base equilib…
The Industrial Drying Of Foods: An Overview. Drying Fundamentals. Through-Flow Dryers for Agricultural Crops. Fluidized Bed Dryers. Spray Dryers. Contact Dryers. Freeze Dryers. Dielectric Dryers. Specialized Drying Systems. Solar Dryers. Dryer Selection. Sensors, Control and Operation. References. Index
Various formation models for fullerenes and other carbon nanostructures are reviewed. The formation models considered include fullerene assembling from graphite sheets, 'nautilus' model, assemblage from clusters, 'fullerene road', and carbon cluster annealing. The selection of magic fullerenes and fullerene isomers is…