Materials Literature
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Abstract Environmental concerns are increasingly likely to influence the choice of oilfield production and drilling chemicals. The Paris Commission (PARCOM) is currently developing legislation for the North Sea. The regulations which emerge may well restrict the use of many current products. Uncertainty over the event…
Abstract A computational procedure for predicting CO2 corrosion rates of carbon steels given the field conditions (e.g. CO2 partial pressure, temperature, velocity, solution composition, gas/liquid ratio) is desirable for use by the oil and gas industry. A model based on the current understanding of the mechanism and…
Abstract Corrosion tests using a flow loop and rotating cylinder electrode are used to select corrosion inhibitors for downhole and flowline application. The results show tests incorporating high flow rates and high shear stress levels will differentiate the performance of different inhibitor formulations. The effect…
Abstract A finite difference hydrogen induced crack (HIC) growth model has been developed, enabling for the first time an accurate simulation of the growth of HIC cracks in the wall of pipelines and/or pressure vessels. In the model, parameters such as defect size, location, fracture toughness and hydrogen concentrati…
Abstract Corrosion accounts for more than one third of the integrity problems on pipelines operating in Alberta. Gas pipelines in particular suffer the threat of external corrosion where protective coatings have fail and created shielding disbondments. This paper will review the sampling and analysis of corrosion prod…
Abstract CO2 corrosion rates of carbon steel obtained from a large number of experiments in a high pressure test loop with various strictly controlled environments and flow conditions were fitted to a semi-empirical model equation. This model combines a contribution of the flow-independent kinetics of the corrosion re…
Simulations of the structure and dynamics of fluid films confined to a thickness of a few molecular diameters are described. Confining walls introduce layering and in-plane order in the adjacent fluid. The latter is essential to transfer of shear stress. As the film thickness is decreased, by increasing pressure or de…
Mutual arrangement of large volume atomic cells (defined as the Voronoi polyhedra) is investigated in molecular dynamics models of Lennard-Jones liquid, crystal and amorphous solid by the percolation theory methods on the Delaunay network. In addition to ordinary percolation some extended formulations of the percolati…
We report on a new, more precise structural characterization of n-octadecane thiol monolayer self-assembled on the UHV-prepared Au(001) surface using a combination of helium atom diffraction, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and x-ray reflectivity measurements. Our results show that the equilibrated alkane chains…
The sol-gel process, with its associated mild conditions, offers a new approach to the synthesis of composite materials with domain sizes approaching the molecular level. Both the organic and inorganic phases can be simultaneously formed through the synchronous polymerization of the organic monomer and the sol-gel pre…
Abstract Simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks (SIN) based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) and unsaturated polyester (UP) in weight ratios of 100/0, 50/50, and 0/100 were blended and cured simultaneously by using cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) and m ‐xylenediamine (MXDA) as curing agents. A kinetic stu…
Abstract Deformation of polycarbonate (PC) impact‐modified with a core–shell rubber (MBS) was examined at the microscale and nanoscale. The stress‐whitened zone (SWZ) that formed ahead of a semicircular notch was sectioned and examined in an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. At the microscale, t…
Abstract To improve the performance of rubber compounds using precipitated silica as a reinforcing filler, the silica surface was directly modified by (1) adsorption of a surfactant, (2) adsolubilization of an organic monomer, (3) in situ polymerization of the monomer in the surfactant bilayer, and (4) partial surfact…
Dihydrodipicolinate reductase is an enzyme found in bacteria and higher plants involved in the biosynthesis of diaminopimelic acid and lysine. Because these pathways are unique to bacteria and plants, they may represent attractive targets for new antimicrobial or herbicidal compounds. The three-dimensional structure o…
Polymer-clay hybrids, organic-inorganic molecular composites, were prepared. X-ray and TEM measurements revealed that each 10 Å template of clay mineral is dispersed in the polymer matrix and that the repeat unit increased from 12 Å in unintercalated material to more than 200 Å in the intercalated material. Thus, poly…
Abstract The graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile with jute using potassium permanganate as the initiator has been studied in the presence of air. To establish reaction conditions for the graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto jute, the effect of different variables such as the residual lignin content of…
Abstract A number of cellulose samples was submitted to homogeneous phase carbanilation in dimethylacetamide/LiCl. The process is quantitative and leads to a completely substituted product, as verified by elemental analysis and UV spectroscopy. Tricarbanilated samples were characterized by viscometric and light‐scatte…
A very efficient and fast energy transfer (k = 4.7 × 108 s−1) is observed from the Ru- to the Os-based moiety in 1. In the presence of oxygen a photoreaction occurs that leads to a strong decrease (about 80 times) in the rate of the energy transfer process. R CH2C6H5, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine.
A theoretical investigation of the absorption coefficient of p-type doped porous silicon near the band edge is presented. We assume that the absorption coefficient is constructed by taking an average over a distribution (in terms of band gap) of absorption coefficients of individual crystallites. Exploiting physics fu…
A thick, homoepitaxial diamond film was deposited on the microcracked (100) tip of a brilliant cut type Ia natural diamond anvil by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). The rapid (up to 20 μm/h), highly anisotropic growth resulted in a modification of the original geometry of the central flat a…