Materials Literature
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Porous low- k and ultrathin atomic-layer-deposited (ALD)-TaN are expected to be useful materials for Cu interconnects in ULSI devices of the 45-nm technology node and beyond. One problem with integrating these into the Cu interconnect is the Ta penetration which occurs during ALD-TaN deposition. In this work, we propo…
Abstract Nanocrystalline materials are polycrystals made up of nanometer-sized grains separated by a network of interfaces – grain or phase boundaries – that generally make a positive contribution to the total energy of the system. Consequently, there exists a thermodynamic driving force for reducing the overall inter…
X-ray crystal structures determined at low temperatures (150−220 K) for the tris( tert -butyl) derivatives of boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium (M) reveal essentially monomeric molecular units throughout with consistently longer M−C bonds than in the corresponding monomeric trimethyl derivatives. Comparison of the…
Purpose The purpose of this paper is the optimisation of shape memory alloy (SMA) spring actuators. The purpose of these actuators is to control active endoscopes. The objective for such endoscopes is to minimize one patient pain during operation. Design/methodology/approach A range of recently published (1990‐2002) w…
A homologous series of chiral materials derived from (S)‐lactic acid with alkoxyethanols has been synthesized and their mesomorphic properties investigated. The mesophases and their corresponding transition temperatures were identified by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. The spontan…
Abstract The immobilization of papain on the mesoporous molecular sieve MCM‐48 (with a pore size of 6.2 nm in diameter) with the aid of glutaraldehyde, and the characteristics of this immobilized papain are described. The optimum conditions for immobilization were as follows: 20 mg native free enzyme/g of the MCM‐48 a…
In order to improve the magnetocaloric effects (MCEs), the partial substitution of Ce for La in the La(Fe/sub 0.86/Si/sub 0.14/)/sub 13/ has been examined. The MCEs in the La/sub 0.7/Ce/sub 0.3/(F/sub 0.86/Si/sub 0.14/)/sub 13/ are much larger than those in the La(Fe/sub 0.86/Si/sub 0.14/)/sub 13/. The hysteresis loss…
The crystal structure of “nickelalumite”, ideally NiAl4(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)3, from the Kara–Tangi uranium deposit, Batken
Different particle sizes (21, 15, 9 nm) of CaCO 3 were synthesized by in-situ deposition technique and confirmed by X-ray diffraction method. The nano CaCO 3 was added from 0.1 wt % to 0.5 wt % in the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). Rubber nanocomposties were compounded on two-roll mill and molded in compression moldi…
L'addition d'oxydes d'alcalins a la composition d'un verre silicate cause la disruption de la trame siliceuse et la formation d'atomes d'oxygene non chevauchants, rattaches a seulement un atome de Si, et donc des especes Q n . Les compositions de verre siliceux lithiniferes se comportent differemment des verres conten…
The magnetization behaviors have been investigated for La/sub 1-x/Pb/sub x/MnO/sub 3/ (x=0.1,0.2,0.3) alloys. The Curie temperature increased from 195 to 352 K with increasing Pb concentration. A large magnetic entropy change (/spl Delta/S/sub M/), which is calculated from H versus M curves associated with the ferroma…
Self-assembling amphiphilic lipids or polymers have been successfully used in pharmacotherapy as drug solvents or carriers, improving the bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs. This review focuses on an unusual hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) caused by a micellar (Cremophor EL, CrEL) and a monomeric block copolymer…
A one-dimensional time-dependent model of the active magnetic regenerative refrigeration (AMRR) cycle is developed and is validated by experimental measurements. It is based on the convection exchange between a layer of fluid and a thin plate of magnetocaloric effect material. It takes into effect the magnetocaloric p…
We have measured the DC resistance R ( T ) and AC dielectric constant ε (ω) for the bistable high- R and low- R states of NiO thin film. The high- R state shows thermally activated resistance and Debye relaxation of ε (ω). In the low- R state, R ( T ) exhibits a metallic temperature dependence of R (300 K)/ R (5 K)=1.…
The ignition resistance of AZ91 alloy is investigated during continuous heating experiments and when held at constant temperature in the semisolid range. It is found that during continuous heating, ignition takes place close to the liquidus temperature when a significant amount of liquid is present. Similarly, ignitio…
Blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in different compositions viz., 95/5, 90/10, 85/15 and 80/20 (by wt/wt, % of PMMA/TPU) were blended by melt mixing using a twin‐screw extruder. All the PMMA/TPU blends have been characterized for physico‐mechanical properties such as densi…
Using a suitable disulfide-based devulcanizing agent, which cleaved the sulfur cross-links in vulcanized rubber at high temperature, devulcanization of gum natural rubber was carried out. High sulfur and medium sulfur, as well as low sulfur–containing rubber vulcanizates were used to study the cleavage of sulfidic bon…
Ecodesigns for nano-sized noble metal particles were investigated by a new liquid-solid (metal oxide-alcohol) system. We have reduced noble metal oxides as low-emission starting materials by ultrasound and tried to fabricate various noble metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pt, Pd) at room temperature, Noble metal oxides wer…
ABSTRACT The physicochemical properties of acid‐soluble collagen (ASC) from refiner discharge and the partially purified collagen (PPC) from both the refiner discharge and the fish skin were evaluated. Yield of collagen from refiner discharge was 34% higher in PPC than ASC. Mercury, lead, cadmium, and chromium content…
For protection of elastomeric materials against ageing, antioxidants such as UV-stabilizers and antiozonants are used. Although historically N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) was the only approved antiozonant in Germany, a range of other phenylene diamine antiozonants (excluding 6PPD) are permi…