Materials Literature
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Spatial distributions of plasma temperature and densities of carbon species in DC arc discharge for generating carbon nanotubes have been investigated by measuring the spatial distributions of optical emission spectra as a function of pressure, current density for arc discharge, and cooling rate of the cathode. It is…
Quality data collection for macromolecular cryocrystallography requires suppressing the formation of crystalline or microcrystalline ice that may result from flash-freezing crystals. Described here is the use of lithium formate, lithium chloride and other highly soluble salts for forming ice-ring-free aqueous glasses…
Metal-free phthalocyanines and nickel phthalocyanines carrying four or eight oligo(ethyleneoxy)thia groups on peripheral positions have been synthesized from new phthalonitrile derivatives. These phthalocyanine derivatives were characterized both thermotropic and lyotropic mesophases by DSC and X-ray.
Abstract Al2O3 gel films were prepared on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates from Al(O–sec-C4H9)3 chemically modified with ethyl acetoacetate. A small roughness of about 20–50 nm was found to form on the Al2O3 gel films dried at room temperature and then immersed in hot water at 60 °C. When hydrolyzed fluoroalkyl…
Blends of polyamide-6 PA6 as matrix and a hyperbranched poly(ether amide) P1, based on 2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazoline, were prepared. The content of the hyperbranched polymer was varied between 0.1 and 10 wt.-%. The blends were prepared in order to investigate the influence of the hyperbranched material on the…
Diffuse scattering is usually associated with some disorder in the analyzed material. Different kinds of disorder may produce different diffuse scattering - or not. In this letter, we demonstrate some aspects of the variety of diffuse scattering that occurs even in very simple examples, and how unawareness may lead as…
We report a Raman scattering study of ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ (PT) nanocrystals prepared by a sol-gel method at a low temperature of $400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}.$ The Raman spectra indicated the existence of a stable ferroelectric phase in the PT nanocrystals at room temperature. The temperature d…
Phase diagrams of unpolymerized and UV-polymerized 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (EHA) mixtures with the liquid crystal E7 are established using optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Both diagrams show upper critical solution temperature behavior. From 50 to 90 wt % liquid crystal (LC), the (I+I) phase lo…
The synthesis of novel Schiff's bases incorporating the five-membered 1,3,4-thiadiazole (series 7, 9) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole (series 8, 10) rings have been prepared and their liquid crystalline properties studied. All compounds of series 7 exhibit an enantiotropic smectic C phase. No liquid crystalline properties were o…
We report a novel soluble n-doped polyaniline in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is obtained by doping the emeraldine base type polyaniline with the strong reductant, KH or NaH. At room temperature, it shows a broad strong new optical absorption peak above 1100 nm, indicating the formation of a new energy band within…
Microcrystalline diamond films have been prepared in a 13.56 MHz low pressure inductively coupled plasma. The bonding in the films obtained were studied by Raman spectroscopy with 514, 325, and 244 nm excitation wavelengths. 514 nm excited Raman spectra exhibit peaks at ∼1355 and ∼1580 cm−1 corresponding to sp2 bondin…
We report recent progress on the test of mode coupling theory for molecular liquids (MMCT) for molecules of arbitrary shape. The MMCT equations in the long time limit are solved for supercooled water including all molecular degrees of freedom. In contrast to our earlier treatment of water as a linear molecule, we find…
Recently, we reported on a light-induced anchoring transition of an azobenzene nematic from planar to homeotropic alignment. In the proposed model of the transition, the changes in shape of the liquid crystal molecules and of their net dipole moment, due to the photoisomerization, were considered to play a vital role…
An in situ ‐toughened silicon carbide (ABC‐SiC) has been examined in the as‐processed condition, where the grain‐boundary films are predominantly amorphous, and following thermal exposure at a temperature of 1300°C, where the films become fully crystalline. Previous work has shown that, at elevated temperatures (up to…
▪ Abstract It has become possible to explain and predict properties of real materials using ab initio theory. The background, methods, and applications are described.
Non-ionic cellulose esters were synthesized in homogeneous phase (N,N-dimethyl acetamide/LiCl) with mixed oxacarbonic acid/p-toluenesulfonic acid anhydrides. This effective synthetic method yields the pure carboxylic acid esters within the wide range of the degree of substitution (DS) from 0.4 to 3.0. The polymers wer…
A molecular theory of the helical twisting in chiral liquid crystals is developed, which provides an explanation for the experimentally observed helical sense inversion induced by a change of concentration in binary mixtures of chiral and nonchiral nematic liquid crystals. The theory also describes the sense inversion…
In an updated version of the polymerization-filling technique, the surface of particulate fillers has been activated by metallocenes. Homogeneously filled polyolefins have accordingly been produced by the in situ copolymerization of ethylene and α-olefins, e. g., 1-octene and 1,9-decadiene. Different fillers have been…
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is an inherited mechano-bullous disorder of skin caused by mutations in the type VII collagen gene. The lack of therapy for DEB provides an impetus to develop gene therapy strategies. However, the full-length 9-kilobase type VII collagen cDNA exceeds the cloning capacity of curre…
Using an interface displacement model we calculate the shapes of nanometer-size liquid droplets on homogeneous cylindrical surfaces. We determine effective contact angles and line tensions, the latter defined as excess free energies per unit length associated with the two contact lines at the ends of the droplet. The…