Materials Literature
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Molecular nonlinear optics describes the nonlinear optical properties of materials at the molecular level. At this most fundamental level, the nonlinear response can be described in terms of molecular parameters, such as number of polarizable electrons, non-centrosymmetric substitution by electron-donor or electron-ac…
We report the direct observation of electromigration and induced stress in the Cu nanowire. During the electromigration, the decrease in pulling stress in the nanowire is observed with the modification of the nanowire. When the nanowire reaches the stable state, the single crystal lattice of Cu appears in the nanowire…
Strong and fragile glass relaxation behaviours are obtained simply changing the constraints of the kinetically constrained Ising chain from symmetric to purely asymmetric. We study the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of these two models focusing on the Kovacs effect and the fluctuation–dissipation (FD) relations. The Kova…
Enzyme washing is commonly used as a wet process technique to improve textile handle, appearance, and other surface characteristics of cottons in the industry. In this research, we have studied the effects of cellulase treatment on tensile strength, flex abrasion resistance, and handle of cotton fabric crosslinked by…
TTF produces two completely different phenomena with the different isomers of chloranil; with the para isomer it produces an insulating, alternating stack, ambient temperature neutral solid. While with the ortho isomer, it produces a more interesting system consisting of interconvertible conducting ionic and covalent…
Abstract Expressions for the degree of randomness, B, and for the number- and weight-average block lengths of condensation copolymers containing both symmetrical (AA + BB) and unsymmetrical (AB) monomer units are established through an approach based on functional group probabilities. Several parameters introduced in…
Abstract The crystal structure of CaSiO 3 -walstromite has been solved and refined by a data set collected in situ from an inclusion in a diamond single crystal (1135 observed reflections, Mo K α , Nonius CAD4, R = 3.46). The crystal structure is almost identical to that of walstromite (Ca 2 BaSi 3 O 9 ). The replacem…
X-ray powder diffraction data, high resolution electron microscopy observation and refined unit cell parameters for δ-Al 2 O 3 prepared from γ-Al 2 O 3 are reported here. The new lattice parameters were a =7.9631(7) and c =23.3975(23) Å with space group P4 1 2 1 2 (No. 92). The new data provide evidence for the simple…
We obtained the molecular weight and long chain branching distribution for polyolefins made with a combination of two single-site metallocene catalysts in a CSTR. Long chain branches are assumed to be formed by the incorporation of chains formed with a double bond end (macromers) at the catalyst sites. In the case whe…
Abstract Acrylic process aids have been widely used for decades in the production of both rigid and flexible PVC materials. Their advantages are well‐known and are briefly reviewed in this paper. Excessive use of process aids or selection of the wrong molecular weights may, however, lead to undesirable behavior ultima…
Studies on the dissolution of stressed crystals have shown that stress corrosion can lead to roughening of interfaces. The corrosion pattern develops due to gradients in elastic energy along a free crystal surface with an initial roughness. Dissolution will cause further increase in elastic energy, which in turn will…
The types of damage to sample surfaces that can occur during x-ray or electron irradiation used during Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are summarized. The material and instrumental dependence of the rate and nature of damage formation or sample degradation are highlighted.…
Abstract This paper describes a method for evaluating the kinetic constants in a rate expression for catalytic combustion applications using experimental light‐off curves. The method uses a transient one‐dimensional single channel monolith finite element reactor model to simulate reactor performance. The heat and mass…
Abstract Alternating poly(amide urea)s from ε-caprolactam, diamines H 2 N-(CH 2 ) x - NH 2 (x = 2 - 4), and diphenyl carbonate were prepared in two steps. The microstructure of the poly(amide urea)s, as determined by means of 1 H NMR spectroscopy, reveals a strictly alternating sequence of the building blocks. The mol…
The role of KOH in the one-stage KOH-activation of rice straws was studied using FTIR, XPS, TGA, and DTG techniques. It was found that at the impregnation, KOH extracts to some extent the lignin component from rice straw and reacts with hydroxyl groups. On heat-treatment, the impregnated KOH facilitates intermolecular…
Abstract The type B structure of the single rare earth element disilicates has been revised using room temperature and pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements on Gd 2 Si 2 O 7 , Tb 2 Si 2 O 7 and Ho 2 Si 2 O 7 synthesized at 2–2.5 GPa, 1400–1500 °C in a piston-cylinder apparatus and Dy 2 Si 2 O 7 synthe…
This paper describes a method of studying and modeling the dielectric relaxation for stationary power apparatus in an interconnected network to get the necessary aging indicators. The polarization phenomenon was studied using Recovery Voltage (RVM) and Polarization Current (PCM) Measurements on individual power appara…
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TyrH) catalyzes the hydroxylation of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine. In the proposed mechanism, a ferryl-oxo species attacks the aromatic ring of tyrosine, forming a cationic intermediate. However, no significant isotope effect is found for wild-type TyrH when 3,5-2H2-tyrosine is used as a su…
The synthesis of novel bis-axially coordinated ruthenium(II) complexes with tetra-15-crown-5-phthalocyanine and N-donor ligands ( R 4 Pc ) Ru ( L 2 ) ( R 4 Pc 2- = 4,5,4',5',4'',5'', 4''',5'''- tetrakis(1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxotridecamethylene)phthalocyaninate-ion, L = pyridine (py), isoquino-line (iqnl), triethylamine (…
Stable icosahedral quasicrystals have been synthesized in the Sc–Cu–Zn system by quench-and-anneal or in-situ filtration methods. These have a composition near Sc16.2(3)Cu12.3(3)Zn71.5(6) at 480°C with a quasilattice constant of 4.995 6(7) Å determined by the Elser method from a single-phase Guinier pattern. An electr…