Materials Literature
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A matrix equation for the refraction of a thin pencil of rays by a surface of arbitrary shape is derived. The equivalence of this equation and previous nonmatrix equations derived for the same purpose is established. Potential applications of this matrix equation are in the field of ophthalmic lens design. The design…
The effect of electrode separation on the power conversion efficiency of a ferricyanide/ferrocyanide thermogalvanic cell containing platinum electrodes was studied at electrode separations up to 150 cm, using the “cold‐above‐hot” electrode configuration. The open‐circuit potential difference is almost independent of e…
A first-principles study of the vibrational modes of ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ in the ferroelectric tetragonal phase has been performed at all the main symmetry points of the Brillouin zone (BZ). The calculations use the local-density approximation and ultrasoft pseudopotentials with a plane-wave basis, and reproduce wel…
Abstract Cellulose whiskers have been used as reinforcement in a copolymer matrix prepared from a latex phase. If a water suspension‐mixing procedure is adopted, the fibril breakage that usually occurs during the mixing with a molten polymer can be avoided, and an enhanced filler dispersion can be expected. In this st…
Silicon oxycarbide glasses have been fabricated, in the shape of thin rods suitable for flexural test experiments, by pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere at 1000° and 1200°C of solgel precursors containing Si–CH 3 and Si–H bonds. The amount of carbon in the silicon oxycarbide network has been controlled by varying the ca…
We have developed a device based upon the concept of two-photon up-conversion to use a part of the IR photons otherwise lost by transparency in a GaAs cell. An ultra thin GaAs cell has been fabricated using the technique of epitaxial lift-off (ELO). This thin cell is placed on top of a 100 µ m thick vitroceramic doped…
Electrochemical studies were performed on LaNi 5 − x Sn x with 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.5 . We measured the effect of the Sn substituent on the kinetics of charge‐transfer and diffusion during hydrogen absorption and desorption, and the cyclic lifetimes of LaNi 5 − ‐ x Sn x electrodes in 250 mAh laboratory test cells. We report bene…
Homologous compounds of (ZnO) m In 2 O 3 (m = integer) with layered structures were synthesized by reaction‐sintering a mixed powder of ZnO and In 2 O 3 at 1823 K for 2 h in air, and their thermoelectric properties, i.e., electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity, were measured at 500 to 1…
Abstract Shewanella putrefaciens is a species of metal-reducing bacteria with a versatile respiratory metabolism. This study reports that S. putrefaciens strain MR-1 rapidly reduces Fe(III) within smectite clay minerals. Up to 15% of the structural Fe within ferruginous smectite (sample SWa-1, Source Clays Repository…
Summary The impact of corrosion on the oil industry has been viewed in terms of its effect on both capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX) and health, safety, and the environment (HSE). To fight against the high cost and the impact of corrosion within the oil industry, an overview of topical research and…
Zero-field–cooled magnetization, magnetic relaxation, and a.c. susceptibility measurements have been performed on a Mn 12 -Ac oriented powdered sample as a function of temperature, field, and orientation. Magnetization jumps and susceptibility peaks have been observed about magnetic-field values B n = nB 1 , where B 1…
Isotropic nanocrystalline exchange coupled FeNdB magnets with enhanced remanence were produced using the melt spinning procedure. Starting from nearly single phase Fe14Nd2B magnets, the content of additional α-Fe in composite magnets was stepwise increased up to 40 vol % by reducing the Nd and B content. The maximum r…
Preliminary leaching of rice husks with a solution of hydrochloric acid before their combustion at 600°C is shown to be required to obtain relatively pure silica (∼99.5%) with a high specific surface area (∼260 m 2 /g) that is maintained even after heating at 800°C. Transmission electron microscopy observations indica…
Heat transfer around nanometer-scale particles plays an important role in a number of contemporary technologies such as nanofabrication and diagnosis. The prevailing method for modeling thermal phenomena involving nanoparticles is based on the Fourier heat conduction theory. This work questions the applicability of th…
The DOS program VALENCE is designed to calculate bond valences from bond lengths and vice versa. It can also calculate bond-valence sums and average bond lengths, and can determine bond-valence parameters from the bonding environments of different cations.
The thermomechanical properties of a thin film of shape memory polymer of polyurethane series were investigated experimentally. Based on the experimental results, the dynamic mechanical properties, cyclic deformation properties at high temperature, thermomechanical cycling properties, creep and stress relaxation are d…
A dielectric and ultrasonic study of phase transitions in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}$ with x ranging from 0.0 to 1.0, is reported. Both ceramic samples and single crystals were studied. The full phase diagram is derived from dielectric measuremen…
Abstract Cellulose microcrystals with dimensions of ∼5 nm × 150–300 nm were obtained from wheat straw. To evaluate the reinforcing effect of these fillers within a thermoplastic matrix, composites with a weight fraction of cellulose ranging from O to 30 wt% were processed by freeze‐drying and molding a mixture of aque…
Biological recognition mediates cell and tissue interactions with biomaterials, be the materials employed in a biotechnical environment in vitro or a biomedical environment in vivo. These interactions are typically mediated by proteins that have adsorbed to the biomaterial surface. The principles of protein adsorption…
Ultrathin films of graphite–polymer composites , which are required for sensors applications, are the target of the work reported here. The preparation and characterization of ultrathin films composed of self‐assembled graphite oxide (GO) platelets and polyelectrolytes are described, followed by the in situ reduction…