Materials Literature
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Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals of Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –PbTiO 3 (PZN-PT) are of interest as high performance transducers due to their very large piezoelectric coupling and dielectric properties. A high temperature flux solution method was used to grow (1- x )PZN-( x )PT, where x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.15 single crys…
Partial substitution of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) by manganese dioxide (MnO2) in polyamide 6 (PA-6) fire retarded with 20% of APP strongly increases the fire retardant effect. ‘Linear pyrolysis’ experiments, which are modified cone calorimeter tests, show an increase in the amount and an improvement of the shieldin…
Phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) can be utilised for various dosimetric applications, e.g. high dose dosimetry, dose re-evaluation, and ultraviolet (UV) and laser radiation dosimetry. Different parameters of PTTL in CaSO4:Dy using laser and UV radiation have been studied and are reported. CaSO4Dy is an extre…
An analysis of the rate and extent of lead leaching from a lead-based paint was completed. At low-solution pH, dissolution was rapid and approached 80 of the total lead. Residual lead can be estimated based on the predicted solubility of lead carbonate and basic lead carbonate. Release of lead from the paint was slowe…
Oxidation states of porous Si, oxidized by oxygen excited by electron impact, have been analyzed using synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SR-PES), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques, and the relationship between the oxidation states and PL properties has…
At the Karlsruhe Monitoring Service photoluminescence dosimetry (PLD) systems have been used in environmental monitoring since the middle of the 60s. Nowadays flat glass dosemeters with a pattern approval by the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and full automatic readout using pulsed UV laser excitation and…
The results of an ultrasonic study of SrTiO3 in the temperature range from 20 to 120K using an electrostrictive interdigital transducer for longitudinal waves and e piezoelectric transducer for shear waves have been presented. A thermally activated relaxation loss mechanism due to strain-induced domain wall motion has…
We have studied the optical second harmonic generation (SHG) from a Sn2P2S6 crystal for fundamental wavelengths between 1100 to 1200 nm. The SHG signal was compared with that from a KTP crystal and it was found that d21(Sn2P2S6) = 3.6 * d33(KTP).
Precise determination of the main refractive indices of biaxial anisotropic coatings is essential for the calculation of their optical performance. Earlier measurements based on wave guiding methods have proved to yield excellent results with obliquely deposited and hence anisotropic layers, deposited under an angle o…
This work concerns the dielectric relaxation study of a new compound containing a thiobenzoate group with a fluoro substituent, which presents a sequence of antiferro-, ferri-, ferroelectric and SCα phases. The polar character of these phases was confirmed by optical hysteresis loops. Three modes with a nearly monodis…
The possibility of solving by direct methods the difference structure δ of a superstructure using only the intensities of the superstructure reflections h is shown. The refinement of the phases Φ of the strong superstructure E values, which are normalized separately from the E values of the main or substructure reflec…
We propose a new technique, using femtosecond Fourier-transform spectral interferometry, to measure the second-order nonlinear response of a material in two dimensions of frequency. We show numerically the specific and unique information obtained from such a two-dimensional measurement. The technique is demonstrated b…
Abstract The cyclic azo compounds 6 and 7 were synthesized. The chemical properties of 6 were investigated. Irradiation of the trans,trans form 6 t,t leads to isomerization to the trans,cis form 6 t,c and to the cis,cis form 6 c,c . Compounds 6 t,c and 6 c,c can be isolated. However, thermally, 6 t,c and 6 c,c react s…
In a recent work we reported that chemically deposited intrinsic CdS thin films can be converted into n-type with an electrical conductivity of by solid state diffusion of indium at temperatures of from a thin film of indium deposited by thermal evaporation on the CdS surface. In the present study, we report on the en…
A series of scientific spacecraft either in orbit or to be launched in the very near future carries ion emitters for active control of the electrostatic surface potential. The ion beam emission changes, via the associated reduction of the positive surface potential, the photoelectron sheath around the spacecraft which…
Several different hybrid laminated composites comprised of alternating layers of dense ceramic sheets (either SiC or Si 3 N 4 ) and fiber‐reinforced ceramic‐matrix‐composite (CMC) layers (Nicalon fibers with either glass or glass‐ceramic matrices) have been fabricated and characterized. The effects of the reinforcemen…
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films and track-etched microporous membranes naturally display, on their surfaces, reactive chain-ends, i.e. carboxyl and hydroxyl functions. These were assayed by suitable activation (reaction with carbodiimide and tosyl chloride, respectively), followed by coupling with 3H-lysine a…
Six different types of boron nitride films were investigated by polarized infrared reflection spectroscopy. Films with a highly cubic, mixed cubic and noncubic, and exclusively noncubic phase composition were synthesized using ion beam assisted deposition. Additionally, postdeposition argon ion irradiated cubic and no…
Photo acoustic drug delivery is a technique for localized drug delivery by laser-induced hydrodynamic pressure following cavitation bubble expansion and collapse. Photoacoustic drug delivery was investigated on gelatin-based thrombus models with planar and cylindrical geometries by use of one microsecond laser pulses.…
Polyaniline–dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (PAn–DBSA) complex was thermally treated and its conductivity and structure change were investigated. The conductivity increased linearly from 1.1 × 10−4 to 3.0 × 10−1 S/cm on thermal heating until 140°C, but decayed above 200°C. The increase was caused by an additional thermal…