Materials Literature
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Solid‐oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with electrolytes that provide high open‐circuit voltage (OCV) and low ohmic loss down to 550°C are described. The electrolytes were bilayers consisting of a 4 to 8 μm thick Y‐doped ceria (YDC) layer with a 1 to 1.5 μm thick Y‐doped zirconia (YSZ) layer on the fuel side. The cathode/supp…
The lithium ion charging capacity and cycling stability of vanadium oxide thin‐films prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) are reported. PLD films were prepared at various temperatures and atmospheres from a V 6 O 13 target. The charging capacity of these films depended strongly on the substrate deposition tempera…
The influence of precursor characteristics and synthesis conditions on the formation of yttrium aluminum garnet, Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (YAG), was investigated using “single‐source” precursors (cohydrolyzed yttrium and aluminum alkoxides and yttrium aluminum glycolates) and “multiple‐source” precursors (mixtures of metal nitra…
The previously unknown crystal structure of the polymer/salt complex poly(ethylene oxide):${\mathrm{NaSO}}_{3}$${\mathrm{CF}}_{3}$ was solved from a powder-diffraction pattern collected on a laboratory x-ray diffractometer. The solution was performed starting from a random arrangement of constituent molecular fragment…
Diatom assemblages from eight basins of northwest Scotland, isolated from the sea during the Late Devensian and Holocene, show Paralia sulcata abundant towards the ingression and isolation contacts of the sedimentary sequences. Across the contacts, Paralia sulcata is commonly replaced by, or associated with, salt-tole…
A phenomenological theory is presented to describe ferroelectric superlattices with first-order phase transitions. Static properties including the Curie temperature, spontaneous polarization and dielectric susceptibility are discussed with model parameters appropriate to ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$/${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$.…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTReversible Structural Transformation and Drastic Magnetic Change in a Copper Hydroxides Intercalation CompoundWataru Fujita and Kunio AwagaView Author Information Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Komaba, Meguro-…
The large penetration power of high-energy X-rays (>60 keV) raises interesting prospects for new types of structural characterizations of polycrystalline materials. It becomes possible in a non-destructive manner to perform local studies, within the bulk of the material, of the fundamental materials physics properties…
A systematic study on the epitaxial growth of VO2 films deposited on sapphire by sputtering at various substrate temperatures (Ts) was carried out. The deposited films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, high energy electron diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, and spectro…
The all-electron full-potential linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals---fitting-function technique has been used to calculate the electronic structure, equation of state (EOS), and elastic constants for crystalline graphite. An analysis of the zero-pressure band structure is used to resolve inconsistencies bet…
High-surface area RuO 2 −TiO 2 is an important material for catalytic and power source technologies. To create this mixed oxide as a nanoscale, high-surface-area material, we have synthesized electrically conductive aerogels of Ru n Ti 1- n O x via sol−gel chemistry and supercritical drying of the resulting gel. The s…
A series of linear and branched high-spin di- and tri(cation radical)s ( 1 2 • 2+, 7 2 • 2+, 3 3 • 3+, 4 3 • 3+, and 9 3 • 3+ ) has been prepared by oxidation of the corresponding meta − para aniline oligomers. The oligo(cation radical)s are stable under ambient conditions. The formation and properties of the cation r…
The Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes prepared by catalytic (C-CNT) and d.c. arc discharge (D-CNT) methods are reported. A previously unnoticed third-order Raman peak at ca. 4248 cm-1 was observed in the Raman spectrum of D-CNT. The Raman features of D-CNT and C-CNT are similar to those of highly oriented pyrolytic gr…
UDP-galactose 4-epimerase from Escherichia coli catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose through the transient reduction of the tightly bound cofactor NAD+. The enzyme is unique among the NAD+-dependent enzymes in that it promotes stereospecific reduction of the cofactor but nonstereospecific hyd…
Adsorption of water on M41s systems has been studied by means of microcalorimetry and IR spectroscopy. After thermal treatment at only 423 K, the samples show two types of surface patches, one hydrophobic (characterized by isolated silanols not interacting with water) and the other highly hydrophilic (showing the high…
Abstract It is known that PO 4 is retained by soils through ligand exchange, i.e., inner sphere complexation, but the mechanism for SO 4 adsorption at the mineral‐water interface has been in debate. By studying the effects of ionic strength on ion adsorption, it is possible to distinguish between inner and outer spher…
The electronic structure of a cobalt iron cyanide thin film, Na 0.4 Co 1.3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]5H 2 O, was switched from Fe III (low spin)−CN−Co II (high spin) to Fe II (low spin)−CN−Co III (low spin) by exchanging cations in interstitial sites from Na + to K + . The reverse process was also induced by replacing Na + with K +…
Dendritic mesogens—dendrimers that form mesophases —are the third group of liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), following main‐chain and side‐chain LCPs. The synthesis of a series of different generations of dendromesogens (see Figure) is reported and their thermal behavior, molecular shape, and the textures observed b…
The ionic current‐overpotential characteristics of cathodes on ceria‐based electrolytes have been evaluated by galvanostatic current‐interrupt measurements. The measurements were carried out on mixed conducting ceria electrolytes under fuel cell operating conditions. The effect on the oxygen reduction kinetics of the…
It is the objective of this series of articles, beginning in this issue, to review for users the benefits of polymer insulating materials. Material science, design, and processing conditions all influence performance and must be considered. Using silicone as an example, we will discuss performance considerations and p…