Materials Literature
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Abstract This study focuses on the ability of U‐PVC to be processed a number of times. Three different types of U‐PVC were investigated: virgin lead‐stabilized material; virgin calcium/zinc‐stabilized material; and reground, 20‐year‐old, post‐consumer windows. Each material was extruded four times, without any additio…
Abstract The labile tellurium cyanide species Te(CN) 2 and Te(CN) 4 have been prepared by treatment of tellurium( IV ) tetrahalides with cyanide. Both are thermosensitive solids and, in addition, the tetracyanide was found to be pyrophoric. The crystal structure of Te(CN) 2 has been determined. The structures of Te(CN…
Polycrystalline Ni-Zn ferrite, with a well-defined composition, Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4, synthesized by a low-temperature method showed the formation of a cubic ferrite phase with a crystallite size of ∼15 nm and saturation magnetization of Ms ≈ 44 emu/g at room temperature. When calcined at higher temperatures (up to 1200 °C…
We have successfully synthesized multiwall carbon nanotubes by a low temperature solvothermal approach at 310 °C, in which ethoxylated alcohol polyoxyethylene (4) ether was used as carbon source. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicated that the multiwall carbon nanotubes have outer diameters between 5…
Powder X-ray diffraction has become a cornerstone technique for deriving crystallite size in nanoscience due to speed and "simplicity". Unfortunately, this apparently simple technique commonly has unexpected problems. Anisotropic peak broadening related to crystallite shape, defects, and microstrain occurs frequently…
Abstract Particle tracking is performed using a combination of dark field or fluorescence video microscopy with automatic image analysis. The optical detection together with the image analysis software allows for the time resolved localization of individual particles with diameters between 100 and 1000 nm. Observation…
Electrical charging and residual charge decay of electro-spun nonwoven webs comprised of two electrically dissimilar polymers were studied in an effort to investigate their filtration properties. Polystyrene (PS) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were electrospun separately, in a layer-by-layer configuration and simultaneou…
Cobalt silicate was studied as a model catalyst to seek an understanding of why Co-MCM-41 catalyst is not active for single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) upon treatment at high temperature. Cobalt orthosilicate was formed during high-temperature pretreatment of Co-MCM-41 (at 900 °C) in an oxidizing environment. Cobalt…
This contribution documents with light micrographs the planktonic diatom flora in seven high arctic lakes on Store Koldewey, an island off Northeast Greenland. The lakes have maximum water depths between 6.1 and 72.0 m. Basic limnological analyses indicate that all lakes are cold, monomictic, clear, oligotrophic, and…
Specimens of 304 stainless steel with various martensite contents were prepared by a low temperature (−70°C) elongation method. Optical microscopy and transmission electron micrography were used to study the phase structure of the samples. A simulated occluded cell (OC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were…
Abstract Microstructural analysis reveals many important details about the qualities and capabilities of high-performance ceramics. This article explains how to prepare ceramic samples for imaging and the imaging technologies normally used. It describes sectioning, mounting, grinding, and polishing as well as ceramogr…
An overview of the properties of carbon nanotubes is presented as a function of the structural characteristics and of the method of synthesis of these novel advanced materials. Emphasis is given to the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons over metal-supported catalysts and also the role of the support in obtaining…
We have studied the electronic structure of oxidized and reduced CeO2(111) surfaces using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The 50 nm thick CeO2(111) film was grown on a YSZ(111) substrate using oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (OPA-MBE). This film has been characterized using in situ (RHEED) reflec…
INTRODUCTION: Aseptic loosening is considered to be the main problem of modern endoprothesis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) seems to be the initiator protein of particle disease. The aim of our study was to investigate the TNFalpha response of macrophage like cells (MLC) after stimulation with periprosthetic…
The characteristics of annular amplitude and phase filters are compared. The behavior of two-zone phase and amplitude filters as the inner zone is increased is studied in detail. Numerical simulations show that a phase filter can achieve a superresolution effect, a circular Dammann effect, and flat-topped intensity fo…
Abstract Previous attempts to use illite as a geothermometer have failed: no general relation between the mineral's chemical composition and temperature of crystallization has been found. Here, chemical compositions of 27 illite samples from five different geothermal fields (the data on four of which were drawn from t…
We report on the bulk and surface properties of dispersions consisting of nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) nanoparticles. PEC nanoparticles were prepared by mixing poly(l-lysine) (PLL) or poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) with poly(maleic acid-co-alpha-methylstyrene) (PMA-MS) or poly(male…
In this study, spandexes of three degrees of fineness are used as the core material with cotton fibers as the sheath to spin fine elastomeric yarns. We observe the cross sections of the core yarns and the migration of the spandex inside the core yarn concluding that producing a finer elastomeric yarn with a uniform st…
The influence of the support ionicity on the adsorption of H, CH x ( x = 2, 3), and O on supported Pt particles is investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The DFT calculations reveal that the importance of the 6s,p states for the Pt adsorbate bonding increases in the order Pt−O < Pt−CH 2 < Pt−CH 3 < Pt−H.…
The effects of temperature, frequency, and molarity on the dielectric behaviour and ac electrical conductivity have been studied for nanosized samples of MgAl 2 O 4 prepared by chemical co-precipitation technique. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) study shows that the particle size is 8 nm and the system is orthorhombic.…