Materials Literature
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An interesting concept for achieving graceful failure in oxide composites is discussed. It is based on crack deflection in a weak interphase between a matrix and reinforcement (e.g. fiber), around a fibrous core in a fibrous monolith, or in an interphase in a laminated composite. The interphase can be phase transforma…
Manganese ferrite is a partial inverse spinel which, when prepared by conventional growth techniques, has ∼20% of the Mn2+ ions on the octahedral sublattice. Here we describe a layer–by–layer growth scheme at atomic scale by which the percentage of Mn2+ ions on the octahedral sublattice can be artificially controlled.…
The capacitance of the Na 2 O–SiO 2 glass was measured in situ during heat treatment at various frequencies, 20, 100, 1, 3, 10, and 30 kHz. It was found that the capacitance of the glass abruptly decreases after a certain duration. The glass was quenched at this stage. It was confirmed by the X‐ray diffraction and tra…
The first examples of high-dimensional mixed-valence homometallic cyano-bridged copper complexes were synthesized and characterized: net-structured [Cu(CN)(4){Cu(cyclam)}(1.5)](2)(n)()(H(2)O)(5)(n) (1), ladder-type double-chain-structured [Cu(CN)(2){Cu(CN)(2)Cu(cyclam)}](n)()(H(2)O)(n) (2), layer-structured [{Cu(CN)(2…
Magnetic properties, phase evolution, and coercivity mechanism of melt-spun CoxZr98−xB2 (74⩽x⩽86) nanocomposites were studied systematically. From x-ray diffraction analysis, nearly single magnetic phase, Co23Zr6, is found in Co74Zr24B2 ribbon (x=74). With increasing Co content x, an additional phase, Co5Zr, is found…
Synthetic type IIa diamonds were characterized using rocking curve measurements and x-ray topography with quasi-plane-wave incidence, and high resolution reciprocal space mapping. The rocking curves of the (111) crystals were comparable to the theoretical ones. Some crystals had wider rocking curves because of the hig…
Static and dynamic magnetic properties of cuboctahedrally truncated polydisperse, rf plasma torch synthesized NiZn ferrite nanoparticles have been studied. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) determined nanoparticle size distribution was log-normal (mean=11.7nm, σ=10.9nm). Magnetic properties are interpreted us…
The shape of ferromagnetic hysteresis loops is described in terms of symmetric Brown and antisymmetric Bozorth stress fields. The magnetization and nonlinear stress dependence of stress fields are measured and plotted. The Brown field is found to exist in every magnetoelastic process and is manifested when hysteresis…
Resonance Raman and resonance hyper-Raman spectra of the "push-pull" conjugated molecule 1-(4'-dihexylaminostyryl)-4-(4"-nitrostyryl)benzene in acetone have been measured at excitation wavelengths from 485 to 356 nm (two-photon wavelengths for the nonlinear spectra), resonant with the first two bands in the linear abs…
Nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials possess higher magnetization and operation temperatures than amorphous alloys with similar compositions. For these reasons, they are good candidate materials for power electronics applications. As an indication of their performance, core losses have been measured for a nanocryst…
An effort to increase the impact toughness of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets by adding small amounts of Al, Nd, Ga, Cu, and Nb was successful. No significant compromise to magnetic properties occurred. Based on this work, a series of sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets with improved toughness was developed, which we call ToughNEO™. Sm…
Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by isotropic plasma treatment was studied using resonant Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that plasma-induced functionalization results in the uniaxial isotropic constriction of the nanotubes but preserves their overall structural integrity. It was demonstrat…
Starting from the microscopic Smoluchowski equation for interacting Brownian particles under stationary shearing, exact expressions for shear-dependent steady-state averages, correlation and structure functions, and susceptibilities are obtained, which take the form of generalized Green–Kubo relations. They require in…
The epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thin films were patterned into small islands by a photolithographic process, and the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in which the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases coexist was realized by changing the two-dimensional planar sizes. The MPB moved toward the Zr-rich composition due to t…
We show that Si particles 20–30 nm in diameter can be heated up to ∼1500K in atmospheric conditions by illumination with weak (∼1mW) but sharply focused (∼2μm) visible laser light. Crystallization, oxidation, and color change of the particles occur as the result of the light-induced heating of the particles. These eff…
Mineralogical and microstructural properties of sintered and fused magnesia grains and refractory bricks derived from natural magnesite were examined. Although their CaO/SiO 2 ratios can be used to approximate their mineralogical compositions, detailed X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) stu…
Dense ceramic/metal nanocomposite has been fabricated by internal reduction method, which includes a two‐step process: sintering of ceramic–metal oxide solid solution and subsequent heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere to precipitate metal nanoparticles. This novel technique has been applied to yttria‐stabilized te…
A method for transformer design with an asymmetric winding configuration to reduce the inrush current with appropriate voltage regulation and short-circuit current is proposed. Differing from the traditional symmetric winding structure in transformer design, this method can provide the high inrush equivalent inductanc…
The synthesis of heteroepitaxial monocrystalline diamond films has been of technological and scientific interest for several decades. Using chemical vapor deposition techniques, polycrystalline diamond has been successfully grown on many substrates. However, iridium emerges in providing highly oriented films, signific…
Perovskite-like oxides La 2 CuO 4 and LaSrCuO 4, prepared by the citrate combustion method, were studied and used as catalysts for CO oxidation, NO decomposition, and NO + CO reduction. The adsorption and desorption behaviors of the gases on catalyst surfaces were well characterized by mass spectrometric−temperature p…