Materials Literature
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Accurate specification of design groundrules for interconnect systems requires knowledge of the thermal behavior of the systems. A key parameter that characterizes the thermal behavior is the thermal conductivity of the inter-level dielectric (ILD). In practical VLSI applications, the metal interconnects are fully emb…
The dynamic mechanical behavior and the tensile properties of pseudo-semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (pseudo-SIPNs) based on double-C 60 -end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) (FPEOF) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were studied. For pseudo-SIPNs involving FPEOF with a longer PEO chain length, the storage modulu…
Density functional theory is used to study colloidal hard-rod fluids near an individual right-angled wedge or edge as well as near a hard wall, which is periodically patterned with rectangular barriers. The Zwanzig model, in which the orientations of the rods are restricted to three orthogonal orientations but their p…
The crystallization behavior of amorphous syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) in supercritical CO 2 was investigated in detail by using wide-angle X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The pure γ form crystal was obtained directly after treating amorphous sPS in…
This paper presents a failure analysis result for enhancing the reliability of thermal inkjet printhead. A novel inkjet printhead is fabricated using MEMS process, and we analyze the failure mechanism of inkjet head based on detailed experimental observations. The design modification of micro heater to avoid an early…
Crystalline glazes on ceramic plates produced commercially in the UK and on ceramic pots produced commercially in Taiwan and Spain have been examined by X-ray diffraction, conventional and polarized light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy in order to identify the crystalline phases present in the glazes and…
Batch crystallization is an important process in many industries, for example, fine chemicals, foods, and pharmaceuticals. On-line measurement of process parameters, such as crystal size distribution (CSD), crystal shape, solid concentration, nucleation, and growth rates, is important for process understanding and for…
The combined effects of electromigration and thermomigration are studied. Significantly shorter electromigration lifetimes are observed in the presence of a temperature gradient. This cannot be explained by thermomigration only, but is attributed to the effect of temperature gradient on electromigration-induced failur…
Four different quaternary ammonium chloride-modified poly(propylenimine) (PPI) dendrimers were synthesized by alkylation of a PPI dendrimer having eight dimethylamino end groups with 1-bromooctane or 1-bromododecane. By varying the mole ratio of alkyl bromide to dendrimer, averages of 4-10 quaternary ammonium groups w…
Abstract Blends of isotactic polypropylene and polyamide‐6/clay nanocomposites (iPP/NPA6) were prepared with an internal batch mixer. A high content of the β‐crystalline form of isotactic polypropylene (β‐iPP) was observed in the injection‐molded samples of the iPP/NPA6 blends, whereas the content of β‐iPP in the iPP/…
The quasi-one-dimensional organic conductor (Per)2Pt(mnt)2 exhibits a charge density wave ground state below 8 K. Magnetoresistance and magnetization measurements show that the charge density wave is suppressed with magnetic fields of order 20 T, above which a high resistance state, with a cascade of subphases, appear…
The diffraction from one- and two-dimensional aperiodic structures is studied by using Fibonacci and other aperiodic gratings produced by several methods. By examining the laser diffraction patterns obtained from these gratings, the effects of aperiodic order on the diffraction pattern was observed and compared to the…
Stress migration (SM) or stress-induced voiding (SIV) experiments were conducted for two BEoL (Back End of Line) technologies: Cu/FTEOS and Cu/Low-k. Experiments have shown the mean time to failure (MTF) depends on ILD (interlayer dielectric) materials properties, ILD stack and metal line width. Stress migration is wo…
Abstract The effect of α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) on the crystallization behavior of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was investigated with polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. We found that the addition of α‐CD can greatly accelerate the crystallization of PHB and…
Analyses of individual biomolecules, like DNA, or DNA-protein complexes, via atomic force microscopy, require 'gentle' methods to immobilize DNA on surfaces, which allow the ensemble of molecules to adopt conformations dictated primarily by their physical characteristics, and which possibly permit the use of a wide se…
Abstract Crystals experience changes in both size and shape during growth. A method is developed for the simultaneous prediction of crystal shape evolution and size distribution for solution crystallization processes by combining shape evolution modeling and population balance modeling techniques. When surface integra…
We present a detailed room-temperature x-ray powder diffraction study on ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}\mathrm{Ni}{\mathrm{O}}_{4+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ with $0\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.12$ and $0\ensuremath{\leqslant}\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.13$. For $x=0.02$,…
The isothermal crystallization kinetics of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (mPP) in hybrids with unmodified or organically modified montmorillonite (MMT), which have been prepared by melt intercalation in a mixer, has been investigated by using time-resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and differential s…
Electromigration in Cu Damascene lines capped with either a CoWP, Ta/TaN, SiN/sub x/, or SiC/sub x/N/sub y/H/sub z/ layer was reviewed. A thin CoWP or Ta/TaN cap on top of the Cu line surface significantly reduced interface diffusion and improved the electromigration lifetime when compared with lines capped with SiN/s…
A nonaqueous molecular precursor grafting approach was employed for the generation of well-defined surface structures featuring Cu on a mesoporous silica support. X-ray absorption measurements (XANES and EXAFS) were used to determine that [CuOSi(OtBu)3]4 provided 100% isolated Cu(I) sites upon grafting (without therma…