Materials Literature
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An interferometric technique was developed to characterize in real time the etching rate of glasses with <100-nm resolution. The interferometer can be used to help reveal the charge distribution in poled glass.
A first order orientational transition, characterized by a 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} azimuthal rotation of the surface easy direction, is reported for nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) anchored on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The SAMs are formed from alkanethiols [$\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}{(\mathrm{C}{…
The earth's vast and varied cold environments could be rich sources of psychrophilic microorganisms growing at 5°C or below. Unfortunately, the diversity, physiology and potential of these organisms have largely been overlooked. This article focuses on psychrophiles and their cold-active enzymes and emphasizes how fut…
A three-dimensional (3D) dislocation simulation has been developed in the last few years in order to fill the gap between atomistic simulations and the more macroscopic approaches. The specific role of such a simulation is to combine all mechanisms responsible for the hardening (e.g. the forest mechanism) and the mult…
A novel two-region formulation of the rigorous electromagnetic boundary element method (BEM) is developed and applied to practical diffractive cylindrical lenses of continuous profile and with discrete levels (32, 8, and 2). The performance of these diffractive lenses is presented for incident waves of TE and TM polar…
A spin-coated thin polystyrene film on a silicon single crystal has been studied using the X-ray reflectivity technique. Signature of layering as a function of depth, due to confinement, in this polystyrene film could be detected from the reflectivity profile using a new analysis scheme. Small variations of electron d…
It has recently been considered that free radicals are closely involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and the level of nitric oxide radical (.NO), one of the free radicals, is reported to increase in PD brain. In the present study, we established a direct detection system for .NO in an in vitro .NO-…
We have performed neutron diffraction experiments on deuterated propylene glycol, an organic glass former, at temperatures ranging from where its dynamical response approaches that of normal liquids to below the point where relaxation times appear to diverge. Our studies extend over a very broad range of scattering wa…
Grown-in defects detected by IR laser scattering tomography (LSTDs) in Czochralski-grown Si crystals were identified for the first time by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a special defect positioning technique. The basic structure of each LSTD was revealed to be a composite of two or three incomplete octah…
Experiments claiming a sharp decrease in the radioactivity of tritium incorporated in small monocrystalline particles of titanium have been reported and are described here in more detail Additional evaluation provides a high degree of evidence for the decrease in the radioactivity of tritium. A first attempt is made t…
The three-dimensional structure of the serine protease subtilisin BPN' (SBT) has been refined at 1.6 A resolution in space group C2 to a final R value of 0.17. 17 regions of discrete disorder have been identified and analyzed. Two of these are dual-conformation peptide units; the remainder involve alternate rotamers o…
The kinetics of thermal oxidation of H. C. Starck M‐11 and Ube SN‐E10 Si 3 N 4 powders was evaluated in the temperature range 650°‐1200°C using isothermal and nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Between 700° and 1200°C, the i…
In the atmospheric corrosion of copper, nickel, and iron, adsorption of water affects corrosion rates. Knowledge of water adsorption and metal oxyhydroxide formation is important in understanding the atmospheric corrosion process. Gold provides a model system because it retains its surface characteristics throughout a…
When the arc vaporization of carbon rods in a helium atmosphere is conducted in the presence of small amounts of pyrrole, not only does one form nitrogen-doped fullerenes, but also the surface of the carbon rods becomes coated with a layer of a nitrogen-doped carbon. X-ray diffraction indicates d spacing expansion, an…
Photoemission and auger spectroscopies electron energy loss spectroscopies (e,2e) spectroscopy electron diffraction techniques absorption spectroscopies future developments.
This article addresses the problem of thermal stresses for isotropic microstretch elastic cylinders subjected to a temperature distribution that is linear in the axial coordinate. A direct method is used to reduce the problem to solving plane strain problems. The results are used to study the deformation of circular c…
The structures of coherent and semi-coherent interphase interfaces between Ti3Ni4 precipitates and parent phase in different aged Ti51.5Ni (at.%) shape memory alloy have been studied by means of diffraction contrast analyses in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). When…
Abstract In the [Fe(etz) 6 ](BF 4 ) 2 spincrossover system the iron(II) complexes occupy two nonequivalent lattice sites, sites A and B. Complexes on site A show a thermal high‐spin (HS) → low‐spin (LS) transition at 105 K, whereas complexes on site B remain in the HS state down to 10 K. Complexes on both sites exhibi…
Filament-core yams are produced to take advantage of both filament and staple . fiber properties. They offer good strength and uniformity without sacrificing the staple fiber yarn-like surface characteristics. However, a disadvantage of the core yarns is that the staple fiber sheath may slip along the filament when be…
The purpose of this laboratory study was to investigate the effectiveness of vermiculite extract solutions (VES) as a coagulant and of vermiculite as an adsorbent for removal of color from dye wastewater. In coagulation experiments, it was found that VES could be applied to the treatment of dye wastewater with its con…