Materials Literature
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A new bistable liquid crystal display is described that uses a nematic phase in which solid particles are dispersed. The display effects rely on direct static light scattering so that no polarisers are required. A two-frequency addressing scheme provides, in principle, a method for electrical control.
The structures of four isomorphous crystals of ternary complexes of chicken heart citrate synthase with D- or L-malate and acetyl coenzyme A or carboxymethyl coenzyme A have been determined by X-ray crystallography and fully refined at 1.9-A resolution. The structures show that both L-malate and D-malate bind in a ver…
Scanning tunneling microscopy has been used to characterize the effects of Nm impurities on the incommensurate charge-density-wave (CDW) phase in 1T-${\mathrm{TaS}}_{2}$. Real- and reciprocal-space data indicate that disorder in the CDW is due to dislocations and small random rotations of the CDW. The dislocations des…
The influence of high hydrostatic pressures on the crystallization of hen egg-white lysozyme has been determined by growing lysozyme crystals with a capillary technique adapted to high pressure conditions and monitoring the residual protein concentration remaining in the supernatant. Pressure is found to reduce the ra…
The microscopic static structure of dilute binary colloidal suspensions, for compositions covering the full molar fraction range, are investigated using static light scattering experiments. The mixtures of liquid-like ordered suspensions are made from charged polystyrene particles having averaged radii of 42 nm and 65…
A study is presented of the relation between microstructure and 1.54 μm photoluminescence (PL) in high-energy ion-implantated Er in Si as a function of implant dose, energy, and temperature and subsequent anneal. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of material implanted at 500 keV and ≳100 °C and annealed at 900 °C…
For high atomic numbers the total cross section for electron-atom elastic scattering calculated using the partial-wave method is found to fall into two regimes over the range 1–100 keV. The cross section in the higher energy regime scales as E−1, and in the lower energy regime as E−0.5. An empirical equation has been…
We report Monte Carlo simulations of a system of two-dimensional, hard, homonuclear dimers. The equation of state and the Gibbs free energy were computed for the fluid phase and several crystalline and noncrystalline (aperiodic) solid structures. We observe that the differences in Gibbs free energy between the various…
Abstract Aluminium is generally regarded as a metal that is difficult to plate. By using a pretreatment sequence, which includes immersion in a zincate solution, it is possible to electroplate aluminium successfully, although adhesion levels are not always very high. Zincate solutions modified by the addition of vario…
Abstract Filter paper and greaseproof paper have been exposed to hydrogen or oxygen plasma. The paper surface composition was determined by ESCA measurements. The unmodified and modified papers then were laminated with polyethylene and the adhesive strength was measured. The hydrogen plasma treatment reduces the cellu…
Abstract The changes induced on the surface of polypropylene homopolymer following flame treatment have been studied. Surface compositions were determined using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and compared to surface free energies estimated from contact angle measurements. The effect of air‐to‐gas ratio, total flow r…
The photosensitive ESR signals of singly negatively charged zinc vacancies (V, (V) and interstitial oxygen ions in a tetrahedral surrounding (O) are detected in undoped ZnO ceramic and their optical excitation and quenching behaviour is studied using the photo-ESR method. The investigations show that all these defects…
Cristallisation dans Pn2 1 a avec a=12,7640, b=10,5153, c=6,3648 A, Z=8; affinement jusqu'a R=0,028. La molecule est isostructurale avec KTiPO 5 decrit par Masse [Thesis (1974), Univ. of Grenoble, France]. Son reseau mixte comprend des octaedres VO 6 partageant des sommets et des tetraedres PO 4 delimitant des tunnels…
A new type of an optical polarizer consisting of anisotropic metallic island films is proposed, and its optical properties are investigated theoretically. It is shown that an extinction ratio of 63 dB and an insertion loss of 0.02 dB at a resonance wavelength, e.g., 0.64 microm, are expected for the polarizer when sil…
The piezoelectric tensor of the organic nonlinear optical compound 2-methyl 4-nitroaniline (MNA) is refined from the measurements of the shift of the Bragg peaks on application of an external electric field. The ``three-step modulation'' method is used, in which the gating of the x-ray signal is synchronized with the…
The growth kinetics of diamond film has been studied, grown by a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition method, to obtain a fundamental information for the growth process of diamond from the gas phase. In order to study the growth kinetics of a pure diamond, the deposition conditions for high-quality diamond are first…
A new linear epoxy polymer containing 4-amino-4′-nitrotolane chromophores attached to the chain backbone was synthesized in an attempt to enhance both the poling-induced nonlinear optical susceptibility and its long-term stability. The polymer films poled by corona discharge showed very large nonlinear optical doublin…
We report the observation of two types of ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ thin films, one exhibiting the Poole-Prenkel transport mechanism and the other the field-enhanced Schottky mechanism. A factor-of-2 difference in the slope of the ${\mathrm{log}}_{10}$(I/V)-vs-${\mathit{V}}^{1/2}$ curves has been measured for these two t…
Diamond films grown in (A)CO/H2 and (B)CO/O2/H2 systems at substrate temperatures (Ts) between 403 and 1023 K were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, cathodoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy. A large amount of polyacetylene inclusion occurred in the (A)CO/H2 system on reducing Ts, res…
The sublimation entropies of the thorium and uranium tetrahalides (except UI4 ) have been evaluated from torsion–effusion vapor pressure measurements and the results have been analyzed for compatibility with the spectroscopic and molecular constants of the gaseous molecules. New effusion pressure measurements are repo…