Materials Literature
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The effect of variations in temperature and oxygen partial pressure on the methane oxidation activity of α-alumina supported Pd catalysts was studied experimentally. It was found that after pretreatment at temperatures above 800°C, conditions where the metallic state of the catalyst is stable, “negative activation” oc…
The biosynthesis of structural materials in the form of fibers and biocomposites is unsurpassed—complex multicomponent composite structures can be made through seamless integration of polymer synthesis, mineralization, and self-assembly. The results of multidisciplinary research to understand structure/property relati…
For the past three decades, the electrocrystallization technique has been used extensively to assemble a large variety of molecular ions into long range ordered single crystals of high purity. This effort is reviewed in the present paper from the initial vigorous impetus triggered by the development of organic (molecu…
Ordering of Mn 3+ and Mn 4+ ions occurs in the rare earth manganates of the general composition Ln 1 - x A x MnO 3 (Ln = rare earth, A = Ca, Sr). Such charge-ordering is associated with antiferromagnetic and insulating properties. This phenomenon is to be contrasted with the ferromagnetic metallic behavior that occurs…
A close packed layer of Fe 3 O 4 and SiO 2 -coated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles can be assembled on silicon and glass substrates modified with polyelectrolytes following the principle of the layer-by-layer self-assembly ( Science 1997, 277, 1232). Microwave (MW) treatment of the poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) layer…
The development of injectable nanoparticulate "stealth" carriers for protein delivery is a major challenge. We have shown the possibility of entrapping human serum albumin (HSA) in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated monodisperse biodegradable nanospheres with a mean diameter of about 200 nm, prepared from amphiphilic di…
New sensory materials based on polymer–transition metal hybrids are reported. It is demonstrated that by tuning the redox potential of the organic backbone—which is based on cobalt-containing N,N′-ethylenebis(salicylidenimide) (salen) complexes such as those shown in the Figure—high conductivity and high sensitivity t…
We report on a temperature dependence of the frequency of all the major peaks in the Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes, using different excitation laser powers at the sample. The frequency decreases with increasing temperature for all peaks, and the shifts in Raman frequencies are linear in the temperature of the samp…
Hybrid inorganic/organic materials show a remarkable range of materials behaviors. Here the author describes new chemistry for forming silicate networks with formic acid and in completely fluorinated solvents. The results of the surprising combination of grossly dissimilar materials such as fluoropolymers and polysili…
The performance of La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.83 Mg 0.17 O 2.815 (LSGM) as an optimized electrolyte of a solid oxide fuel cell was tested on single cells having a 500‐µm‐thick electrolyte membrane. The reactivity of NiO and LSGM suggested use of an interlayer to prevent formation of LaNiO 3 . The interlayer Sm‐CeO 2 was selec…
The heat capacity of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) has been measured using adiabatic calorimetry, standard differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC). The heat capacities of the solid and liquid states of semicrystalline PTT are reported from 5…
Synthetic high-temperature high-pressure grown diamonds were subjected to different treatments (high-temperature annealing, electron- or neutron irradiation) with the purpose to follow genesis of defect aggregates suitable for spectrally selective photo-transformation. Conditions for the genesis of photochromic optica…
The influence of niobium on corrosion resistance to 0.5M H2SO4 of 17% Cr ferritic stainless steels, to which it was added in amounts larger than that necessary to stabilize the interstitial elements, was investigated. Their performance was compared to that of other two Fe-17%Cr alloys, one without additions and anothe…
The introduction of an "incubation time" to the Schwarz classical mathematical description of metals solidification, resulted in a new model called Modified Schwarz Model. By doing so it was possible to identify and quantify the "delay time" that separates the two heat waves traveling independently in a casting during…
Interactions between polymers and inorganic surfaces are present in a series of phenomena involving processes such as coagulation and deffloculation of ceramic powder and adsorption of organic macromolecules on the surface of implants, among others. In this work, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was modified to allow the…
The rapidly spreading use of optical fiber as a transmission medium has created an interest in fiber-compatible optical devices and methods for growing them, such as the Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG). This paper reports on the influence of the ceramic feed rod treatment on fiber quality and optimization of ceram…
The fractals theory has been increasingly applied in the field of materials science and engineering. Models of fractal lines and surfaces have been generated to describe the microstructural features of materials. Special interest is placed upon a description of the fracture surface based on a fractal geometry in order…
The Sn-Se eutectic solidification allows one to obtain a lamellar structure, formed by SnSe and SnSe2 compounds, which are p and n semiconducting types, respectively. The SnSe-SnSe2 eutectic composite is a promising material to be used in photovoltaic device manufacturing. In a lamellar eutectic microstructure, the ma…
The solid compound YNbO4:Eu3+ was synthesized by an usual solid state reaction and a non-conventional method of thermal decomposition of precursors. X-ray diffraction data of the monoclinic YNbO4 were used to identify the crystalline M-fergusonite phase. The symmetry of the luminescent Eu3+ site is very close to the D…