Materials Literature
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Through-wafer interconnects by aligned carbon nanotube for three-dimensional stack integrated chip packaging applications have been reported in this letter. Two silicon wafers are bonded together by tetra-ethyl-ortho-silicate. The top wafer (100μm thick) with patterned through-holes allows carbon nanotubes to grow ver…
Recent progress in the RF low activation structural materials R&D road map towards DEMO via the FBR tests (BOR-60, BN-600, BN-800) and the TBM tests in ITER is overviewed. The properties of the RAFMS RUSFER-EK-181 (Fe?12Cr?2W?Ta?V?B?C) and the V?4Ti?4Cr alloys are presented. The next important steps include further st…
It is shown that the tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) structures of (1−x)BiFeO3–xPbTiO3 are stable for xT⩾0.31 and xR⩽0.27, respectively, giving the narrowest width of 0.03, reported so far, for the morphotropic phase boundary region in this system. The Rietveld refined structure of the T phase for x=0.31 reveals p…
The shell of the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, consists of two layers, the prismatic layer on the outside and the nacreous layer on the inside, both of which comprise calcium carbonate and organic matrices. Previous studies indicate that the nacreous organic matrix of the central layer of the framework surro…
Here, the authors report the energy transfer from rhodamine 6G dyes to gold nanoparticles. There is a pronounced effect on the photoluminescence and a shortening of the lifetime of the dye when interacting with the Au nanoparticles. The calculated distance (d) between the donor and acceptor varies from 86.06to102.47Å…
Conductance measurements of a molecular wire, contacted between an epitaxial molecule-metal bond and the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, are reported. Controlled retraction of the tip gradually de-hybridizes the molecule from the metal substrate. This tunes the wire into the Kondo regime in which the renormali…
Bamboozled! High-aspect-ratio TiO2 nanowires (see image) that are vertically split off from anodic titanium oxide nanotubes are prepared by anodization of titanium foils. The bamboo-splitting model based on the hydrolysis of a small amount of water in viscous ethylene glycol at high voltage is proposed as the mechanis…
Growing up: The controlled formation of platinum nanoparticles of many shapes (see image) including cubes, rectangular prisms, triangular prisms, rods, tripods, octapods, and polypods have been produced in a simple synthetic protocol by varying reaction parameters.
A chemical nanomachining process for the rapid, scalable production of nanostructure assemblies from silicon-on-insulator is demonstrated. The process is based on the spontaneous, local oxidation of Si induced by Au, which is selectively evaporated onto the Si surface. The Au-catalyzed oxide forms a pattern that serve…
Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) from silver nanoparticles using 514.5-nm excitation has been shown to offer huge potential for applications in highly sensitive multiplexed DNA assays. If the technique is to be applied to real biological samples and integrated with other methods, then the use of gol…
The finite size effects on the electronic structure of graphene ribbons are studied using first principles density functional techniques. The energy gap [difference between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)] dependence for finite width and length is computed for b…
We have designed and built an apparatus for real-time acoustic imaging of convective flow patterns in optically opaque fluids. This apparatus takes advantage of recent advances in two-dimensional ultrasound transducer array technology; it employs a modified version of a commercially available ultrasound camera, simila…
We suggest and implement a parallelization scheme based on an efficient multiband eigenvalue solver, called the locally optimal block preconditioned conjugate gradient LOBPCG method, and using an optimized three-dimensional (3D) fast Fourier transform (FFT) in the ab initio}plane-wave code ABINIT. In addition to the s…
We examine the performance of a recently developed nonlocal density functional in predicting a model noncovalent interaction, the weak bond between an aromatic $π$ system and an aliphatic C-H group. The new functional is a significant improvement over traditional density functionals, providing results which compare fa…
We develop a new density functional theory (DFT) and formalism for correlated electron systems by taking as reference an interacting electron system that has a ground state wavefunction which obeys exactly the Gutzwiller approximation for all one particle operators. The solution of the many electron problem is mapped…
The $c(6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ is a reconstruction of the $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}(001)$ surface that is formed between 1050 and $1100\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ in oxidizing annealing conditions. This work proposes a model for the atomic stru…
The authors investigated the ferroelectric properties of strontium titanate (STO) thin films deposited on SrTiO3 (001) substrates with SrRuO3 electrodes. The STO layer was grown coherently on the SrTiO3 substrate without in-plane lattice relaxation, but its out-of-plane lattice constant increased with a decrease in th…
An extensive theoretical study is performed for wide bandgap crystalline oxides and nitrides, namely, SiO_{2}, GeO_{2}, Al_{2}O_{3}, Si_{3}N_{4}, and Ge_{3}N_{4}. Their important polymorphs are considered which are for SiO_{2}: $α$-quartz, $α$- and $β$-cristobalite and stishovite, for GeO_{2}: $α$-quartz, and rutile,…
We report on the magnetodielectric properties of well-ordered epitaxial La2CoMnO6 films. The temperature dependence of the dielectric constant is measured in the 10–105Hz frequency range under applied magnetic fields up to 50kOe. As temperature is lowered, the dielectric constant decreases in the ferromagnetic regime…
A new organogelator based on a salicylideneaniline derivative with cholesterol moieties was synthesized, and it was proposed that it could gelate various organic solvents, such as 1-butanol, 1-octanol, butyl acetate, tetrachloromethane, benzene, toluene through combination with a gelation test. From the results of ana…