Materials Literature
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Chemical defects and impurities are thought to be responsible for the deep trapping of charge carriers in polymeric insulating materials such as peroxide crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE). Such excess charges, referred to as space charges, might cause localised high electric stress, possibly leading to dielectric breakd…
Electromigration in 0.23 /spl mu/m wide Cu dual-damascene lines connected to W underlayers has been investigated. Void growth at the vicinity of the cathode end of the line/via was determined to be the cause of the line failure. The distribution of failure lifetimes was found to be closely represented by a two-log-nor…
Methods for estimation of variance for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from projections are introduced. First, a Fourier space variance for a class of 3D reconstruction algorithms that involve interpolation is derived. It is used to construct a test for the validity of the single particle analysis process. S…
The authors have been probing the possibility of applying functionally graded materials to solid insulators in order to control the electric field profiles, and resultant improvement of insulation level. Investigated in the paper are the effects of the capacitive bulk-grading of the coaxial disc-type and post-type mod…
The measurement of partial discharge (PD) activity is used for monitoring the insulation condition. In particular, it is of importance to obtain an indication of the time to breakdown for high voltage distribution power cables, both for cable factories and for the utilities. In this paper the authors investigate the u…
Random wound stator windings in motors, operating in utility and industrial plants, have been reported to suffer from premature failures. Although several failure mechanisms exist, dissection of failed stators show some of these failures have been caused by exposure to fast rise-time voltage surges coming from inverte…
Relativistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations of transition metal hyperfine interaction ( A ) tensors have been completed for a series of Cu 2+ complexes including Cu(Quin) 2, Cu(Acac) 2, Cu( l -AlaO) 2, and [Cu(Ox) 2 ] 2- . The A tensors were calculated with the zero order regular approximation (ZORA) for…
With respect to the basic gas discharge physics, the rise time of an electron avalanche under nitrogen atmosphere results in a partial discharge signal bandwidth of several hundreds of MHz. However, in terms of high frequency properties, a rotating machine acts as a highly complex network. Mismatch of impedance and ot…
A comprehensive kinetic model for the thermal polymerization of styrene at temperature values between 250 and 350 °C, capable of calculating monomer kinetics, oligomer concentrations, and molecular weight and terminal double bond (TDB) distributions, is described. The model, based on the mechanism described in the fir…
The area and film thickness effects on the breakdown strength were examined for different polymer films at room temperature. Electrodes of four different diameters were used for this experimental work, which were in the range of 1/2 to 2 inches in diameter. Materials of various thickness used for this investigation we…
The local and cooperative dynamics of supported ultra-thin films (L = 4-170 nm) of poly(methyl methacrylate) was investigated by dielectric spectroscopy at frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 10/sup 6/ Hz and temperatures from 250-423 K. To assess the effect of stereoregularity, three tacticities (i, a and s-PMMA) of similar m…
In this work, the influence of particle size and concentration of fillers used in silicone rubber compounds for outdoor insulation is investigated. Alumina tri-hydrate and silica with mean particle sizes of 5 and 10 /spl mu/m are used as fillers with concentrations of 10, 30 and 50% by weight in a two-part room temper…
β-K 2 Bi 8 Se 13 possesses promising thermoelectric properties whereas Rb 2 Bi 8 Se 13 does not. The formation of solid solutions between these two compounds was attempted to study the alkali metal distribution in the structure and its influence in the electronic properties. The structure of the K 2 - x Rb x Bi 8 Se 1…
The research was focused on the analysis of space charge evolution in oil-paper insulation, and on the evaluation of some peculiar parameters derived from PEA measurements, in order to associate the mobility phenomena with the chemical structure of the dielectric, i.e. the mineral content of cable paper.
A novel solution is presented that deals with the well known problem of clogging in microfluidic channels caused by gas bubbles. The presented approach involves the use of a single channel with different, parallel cross sections. In each of these cross-sections different capillary forces act on the fluid and on potent…
In this paper, we roughly describe the principles and structures for the sensor applications and diagnostic algorithm together with networking and monitoring system for GIS. Firstly, we describe the detailed specifications and the results of research, and then present the experimental results of the diagnostic algorit…
Neutron reflectivity measurements were performed on a cell membrane mimic system, developed by Liu et al., consisting of a polyelectrolyte multilayer plus synthetic terpolymer plus a phospholipid layer (PE + TER + PC) assembly, at all of the intermediate steps in the assembly of the composite, to obtain neutron scatte…
The effects of material properties and inclusions on the space charge profiles in LDPE and XLPE were examined. Whereas the charge profile in LDPE is influenced by material properties such as the degree of crystallinity and MFR, the charge profile in XLPE is influenced by inclusions in the material such as acetophenone…
This work explores the thermal behavior of silicone rubber filled at different concentrations with alumina trihydrate (ATH) and silica. Three particle sizes, 1.5 /spl mu/m, 5 /spl mu/m and 10 /spl mu/m, were employed in the sample preparation. A near-infrared laser was used to heat the samples. The concentration of th…
A high performance thermal interface material has been developed that consists of a 25 /spl mu/m coating of low-melting-temperature alloy (LMTA) tinned on each side of a 50 /spl mu/m copper substrate. The alloy has a melting point below the maximum CPU operating temperature. Steady-state tests per ASTM D-5470 show 0.0…