Materials Literature
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Copper (Cu) based interconnect technology is expected to meet some of the challenges of technology scaling in the pursuit of higher performance. However, Cu interconnects are still susceptible to electromigration-induced failure over time. We describe a new hierarchical approach for predicting the reliability of Cu-ba…
A birefringence-imaging study of a crystal of SrTiO3 shows a purely second-order phase transition close to 105 K with no measurable indications of critical fluctuations. The near perfectly linear development of the birefringence near the phase transition is consistent with normal Landau mean-field behaviour with an or…
Abstract Cellulose arylphosphonate compounds have been synthesized and investigated by the kinetics of thermal degradation by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from ambient temperature to 600°C. Various kinetic and thermodynamic parameters such as energy, entropy and free energy of acti…
The variation in molecular and electronic structure of doped (as synthesized) conducting, dedoped base, and redoped conducting forms of polyaniline (PANI) prepared by oxidative enzymatic polymerization of aniline with and without the presence of polyelectrolyte template was analyzed by solid-state 13 C and 15 N CP/MAS…
Pulse laser ablation and subsequent laser nanostructuring at room temperature has been employed to produce nanostructured Ni on SiO2/Si substrates for catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes. The resultant nanostructured surface is seen to consist of nanometer sized hemispherical droplets whose mean diameter is controlle…
Die größte metallorganische Clusterverbindung, die ausschließlich aus Al, C und H besteht (Al50Cp, Cp*=C5Me5), weist eine faszinierend einfache Struktur mit relativ hoher Symmetrie auf (siehe Bild). Das von den Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-Liganden aufgebaute Kohlenstoffgerüst ähnelt dem der Fullerene.
The kinetics of phase separation in thin polymer blend films displaying discrete and bicontinuous domain morphologies are examined. For discrete domains, the correlation length xi grows as t(1/3), in agreement with a coalescence model. By plotting xi/d vs t/t(i) (initiation time), universal growth behavior is obtained…
As the power consumption of a large number of microelectronic devices has been continuously reduced in recent years, power supply units of a few microwatts have become sufficient for their operation. Our improved micro-scale thermoelectric generator (/spl mu/-TEG) is based on polysilicon surface micromachining and is…
We report a new surface micromachining technology to fabricate monocrystalline silicon membranes covering a vacuum cavity for applications like piezoresistive pressure sensors. The main process steps are: (i) local anodic etching of layered porous silicon with different porosities, (ii) thermal rearrangement of the po…
The effect of aniline hydrochloride (AHC) on the size and shape of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles has been investigated by dynamic light scattering. A monotonic decrease in the diffusion coefficient of the micelles was observed with an increase in AHC at fixed SDS concentration. This was ascribed to prolate ell…
Effect of Co doping on leakage current has been investigated in capacitor consisting of Ba0.5Sr0.5Ti1−xCoxO3 (BSTC, x=0, 0.002, 0.010) thin film, Pt top electrode, and Nb-doped SrTiO3 (STON) bottom electrode. Co doping remarkably decreases the leakage current in BSTC thin film, such as from 9×10−7 A in undoped thin fi…
The microscopic origin of the spin Hamiltonian (SH) parameters for Ni2+(3d8) ions in a trigonal type I symmetry (C3v,D3d,D3) crystal field (CF) is studied. In addition to the spin–orbit (SO) interaction, we consider also the spin–spin (SS) and spin–other-orbit (SOO) interactions. The relative importance of the four (S…
The thermal stability of electrically conducting SrRuO3 thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition on (001) SrTiO3 substrates has been investigated by atomic force microscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) under reducing conditions (25–800 °C in 10−7–10−2 Torr O2). The as-grown SrRuO3 epitaxi…
A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal confined in a 90° twisted cell (T-PDLC) is demonstrated. In comparison to a conventional PDLC, the T-PDLC is also polarization independent while exhibiting a higher contrast ratio. Potential applications of the T-PDLC are in polarizer-free reflective display and light switch. A black…
We have identified a Mn-rich layer on the surface on (Ga,Mn)As thin films which significantly influences soft x-ray absorption measurements. The Mn L3,2 x-ray absorption spectra of the untreated films show a strong multiplet structure, consistent with earlier observations and characteristic of MnO. After removal of th…
Classical shell-model potentials for describing the complex ferroelectric behaviour of barium titanate and strontium titanate are developed and used to simulate Ba x Sr 1− x TiO 3 solid solutions. The temperature versus composition phase diagram is very well described and the local behaviour of the structure and polar…
We report four-probe I–V measurements on individual vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs). These measurements were enabled by the fabrication of multiple Ti/Au ohmic contacts on individual fibers that exhibited resistance of only a few kilohms. These measurements demonstrate that VACNFs exhibit linear I–V beha…
The largest organometallic cluster compound consisting of Al, C, and H only (Al50Cp, Cp*=C5Me5) is a fascinatingly simple structure of comparably high symmetry (see structure). The pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands form a carbon shell similar to the arrangement found in fullerene structures.
A series of hierarchically ordered porous silica composites were synthesized using anionic (SO 4 - 2 ) polystyrene spheres and triblock copolymers Pluronic F127 (EO 107 PO 70 EO 107 ) and P123 (EO 20 PO 70 EO 20 ) as templates in the presence of cosurfactants ( n -alcohols) in an acidic medium. The silica materials we…
UNLABELLED: TargetDB is a centralized target registration database that includes protein target data from the NIH structural genomics centers and a number of international sites. TargetDB, which is hosted by the Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB), provides status information on target sequences and tracks their progress thr…