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Nuclear quadrupole resonance of charge transfer complexes. Part 3.—A 14 N and 35 Cl n.q.r. study of the 1:1 complex of 3,5-dichloropyridine with iodine monochloride
The infrared, Raman and n.q.r. (14N and 35Cl) spectra of the 1:1 molecular complex of 3,5-dichloropyridine with iodine monochloride are reported. All three 14N transition frequencies were obtained at 77 K using a double resonance technique. The resulting 14N coupling constant and asymmetry parameter are 2.257 MHz and…
Paramagnetic anisotropy and electronic structure of [NN′-ethylenebis-(salicylideneiminato)]cobalt( II ), its pyridine adduct, and [NN′-ethylene-bis(thiosalicylideneiminato)]cobalt( II )
Single-crystal magnetic-anisotropy measurements have been made over the temperature range 80–300 K on the oxygen-inactive title chelates [{Co(salen)}2], [Co(salen)]′py· and [{Co(tsalen)}2]. These five-co-ordinate species all show rhombic magnetic ellipsoids wth [{Co(tsalen)}2] being the least anisotropic. Both salen c…
Presence of dual mechanism in poly(vinyl chloride) dehydrochlorination
Abstract Thermal dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) was demonstrated to be capable of being maximally inhibited by triphenylmethane. Arrhenius parameters observed under conditions of full inhibition are consistent with a unimolecular loss of hydrogen chloride occurring concurrently with a radical‐chain proces…
Hydration of biopolymers
Abstract Water‐vapor sorption by a range of biopolymers is reviewed to demonstrate the general similarities in sorption characteristics. The interaction of water and the protein wool keratin is considered in more detail and further analyzed in terms of a three‐component isotherm equation. Similar analyses have been ap…
Search for ferroelectricity in the PbHPO4family
The permittivity of PbHAsO4, CaHPO4, BaHPO4 and PbHPO4 powder pellets was measured in the temperature range between −120 and + 100°C. Infrared spectra of these substances were measured and a model for the ferroelectric phase transition in PbHPO4 and PbHAsO4 was proposed.
Étude structurale de CuBi2O4
The crystal structure of CuBi₂O₄ has been solved to R = 0,056 by Fourier and least squares methods. Manual diffractometer data have been corrected for absorption. The cell is tetragonal : a = 8,510 (1) Å, c = 5,814 (1) Å, Z = 4, S. G. : P4/ncc. Bi-O distances range from 2,12 to 2,73 Å. The 6 s² lone pair is stereochem…
The Chemical Etching of Aluminium in Caustic Soda Solutions
SummaryThe chemistry of the caustic soda-aluminium reaction is briefly outlined. Dissolution rates of 99.5% purity aluminium and HE9 alloys are measured and the effects of concentration, temperature, water purity, dissolved aluminium, sodium gluconate, metal composition and ageing treatment noted. Arrhenius plots for…
Gas Evolution and Pitting in Electropolishing
SummaryThe electropolishing of austenitic stainless steel in phosphoric acid and phosphoric-sulphuric acid mixtures has been studied with special reference to the formation of pits under conditions when gas is being evolved from the surface. These pits can be distinguished from other sorts of etching effect since they…
Far-Infrared investigation of the structural phase transitions of some two-dimensional layer compounds
The far-infrared spectra of the layer structure compounds of the type (C n H2n+1NH3)2MCl4, n = 1, 2, 3,…, M = Cu, Cd, have been measured in the region of 10–400 cm−1 as a function of the temperature between 1 and 300 K. The rather involved spectra of the compounds investigated are due to the normal lattice modes of th…
Induced and spontaneous strain in ferroelectric ferroelastic tanane
Physical properties of the organic material tanane1 do not allow sufficiently accurate polarization measurements. As an alternative, the following order parameters were studied: spontaneous shear strain x 6, (linearly coupled to spontaneous polarization P 3), and spontaneous birefringence Δn 6, shown to be proportiona…
Properties of NH4HSO4 and RbHSO4 single crystals near their curie points
The accurate measurements of the properties of NH4HSO4 and RbHSO4 were carried out. A statistical theory of the ferroelectric transitions is proposed.
Resonance Raman spectra of some mixed-valence halogeno-compounds of antimony and lead
Resonance-Raman (r.r.) spectra are reported for a series of mixed-valence compounds of antimony. With Cs2[SbCl6]· Rb2[SbCl6], or Cs4[SbBiCl12], several overtone and combination tone progressions, in which the progressing fundamental is ν1(a1g) of the [SbCl6]– ion, have been observed on irradiation within the contour o…
Mercury( II )-ethylenediamine complexes. Crystal and molecular structure of bis(ethylenediamine)mercury( II ) diperchlorate and dithiocyanato(ethylenediamine)mercury( II )
Crystals of bis(ethylenediamine)mercury(II) diperchlorate, (I), are monoclinic, a= 7.754(6), b= 11.618(7), c= 7.754(6)Å, β= 100.38(3)°, space group P21, Z= 2. In the complex cation the mercury ion is co-ordinated by four nitrogen atoms (Hg–N 2.30–2.33 Å) in a distorted tetrahedron (N–Hg–N ring angles 77.2 and 78.5°).…
Phase Identification by X-Ray Powder Diffraction Evaluation of Various Techniques
Three powder mixtures, each composed of four or more phases, were submitted for phase identification by x-ray diffraction. Laboratory technicians supplied tables of “d” values and of relative intensities as obtained separately and independently by use of the diffractometer, the Debye camera and the Guinier camera. The…
Dynamic Strain-Aging and Neutron Irradiation in Mild Steel
“Blue brittle” or dynamic strain-aging studies were carried out on mild steel in vacuum-annealed, irradiated, and irradiated decarburized conditions. The effect of neutron damage is to decrease or eliminate the concentration of free interstitial impurity elements responsible for locking the dislocations. Progressively…
Current and Potential Uses of Starch Products in Plastics
Although numerous developments have been reported on how starch can be used to make plastics, these have failed to achieve large-scale market reality, largely because better and lower cost plastics can be made from other raw materials, particularly petroleum. Decreasing availability and increasing prices of convention…
Band structure, optical and transport properties of KTaO3, KNbO3and BaTiO3in the paraelectric phase
The electronic structure of ABO3 cubic perovskite-type oxides are determined by a modified tight-binding method. The imaginary part of the dielectric constant ε2 and the moments of ε2 provide a quantitative interpretation of optical data. Constant energy surfaces near the conduction band minimum are warped spheres. Th…
Rigid polyurethane foams from diethanolamides of carboxylated oils and fatty acids
Abstract New polyols of high hydroxyl content and reactivity were made from linseed and soybean oils and acids by catalytic carboxylation followed by reaction with diethanolamine. Urethane foams made with these diethanolamides were stronger than those made with castor oil at equivalent polyol wt. Because of their high…
Biochemical Studies on an Extreme Thermophile Thermus thermophilus: Thermal Stabilities of Cell Constituents and a Bacteriophage
Mechanism of thermophily has been the object of biochemical interest for many years, but has not been clearly answered at the molecular level. Most of the studies have been done using a moderate thermophile, Bacillus stearothermophilus which grows optimally at 60–65°C. Studies on more rigorously thermophilic bacterium…