Materials Literature
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Pyrrole can be polymerized within montmorillonite clays via chemical means utilizing Fe3+ and Cu2+ as the oxidizing species. The resultant composite has properties of both the conducting polymer and the host material. Vibrational spectroscopy, thermal analysis and conductivity data all indicate that polypyrrole is pre…
Magnetoelectric effect and piezomagnetism can be considered as related phenomena if we restrict our attention to the antiferromagnetic materials. Both phenomena are connected with a transition of the crystal from a pure antiferromagnetic state into a weak ferromagnetic state. This transition is caused by an external a…
The compositional ranges of Bi4V2O11 solid solutions containing Co, Cu, Zn, Ca and Sr have been determined by means of a phase diagram study at solidus temperatures. Depending on the size of the divalent cation, at least three and probably four mechanisms for accommodating variable cation content have been identified.…
The FTIR spectra of a series of anhydrous copper(II) carboxylates of general formula Cu2[CH3(CH2)nCO2]4(n= 4–8, 10, 12, 14 and 16) have been studied as a function of temperature. The spectra show notable changes associated with the phase transition from the crystalline to the columnar liquid-crystalline phase which in…
The reliability of electrical equipment in high voltage systems can be affected by certain defaults (metallic particles, roughness, etc.) inside the device enclosure. These anomalies may cause a local glow discharge which propagates progressively inside the insulator and which can lead to electrical breakdown. To avoi…
The compounds [Hpy]2[{M(mnt)2}2][M = Fe or Co, Hpy = pyridinium, mnt = maleonitriledithiolate (2,3-disulfanylmaleonitrile)] have been prepared by electrocrystallization and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility measurements and IR and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies. The compounds ar…
ZnO-based varistors consisting of 96 mol% ZnO and 4 mol% additive oxides (Bi2O3, Sb2O3, NiO, Co2O3, MnO and Cr2O3) have been prepared. Four different procedures have been applied to obtain the starting powder mixture. Three of the procedures involve sol–gel processing of the additive oxide mixture, and in two cases th…
A series of fatigue measurements have been performed on PZT capacitors over temperatures ranging from 78K to 423K. The polarization loss is approximately proportional to the logarithm of the number of fatigue cycles, but the fatigue rate shows a strong temperature dependence, particularly at low temperatures. The capa…
The relationships between the refractive-index and material dispersion of fluoride glasses and their compositions have been studied. A set of parameters was established that can be used to calculate approximately the refractive-index and material dispersion of fluoride glasses. The calculated and measured results agre…
Cotton by-products produced during ginning such as cotton gin waste (CGW) have been utilized or disposed of by several methods such as spreading on soil, composting, feeding to livestock, dumping, and incineration. The CGW includes gin-cleaned lint cleaner waste (commonly referred to as motes), lint-cleaned motes, fir…
Many properties of crystalline solids are controlled by the presence of point defects. Traditionally the concentrations of these defects are calculated using mass action laws that describe the reactions among the defects and with the environment. This formulation, however, is not applicable in the high-defect-concentr…
In the “double-Voigt” approach, an exact Voigt function describes both size- and strainbroadened profiles. The lattice strain is defined in terms of physically credible mean-square strain averageid over a distance in the diffracting domains. Analysis of Fourier coefficients in a harmonic approximation for strain coeff…
We present measurements of the thermal conductivity (30 < T < 300 K) and specific heat (80 < T < 300 K) of polycrystalline boron carbides (B1-xCx) for carbon concentrations spanning the single-phase field (0.1 < × < 0.2) and compare our results with studies in other temperature regimes. The thermal conductivity decrea…
The cold-roling and recrystallization behavior of solidified columnar crystals in a 19% Cr ferritic stainless steel has been investigated. As the rolling reduction increased, the recrystallization rate increased and the recrystallized grain size decreased. However, the (001) [110] initially-oriented columnar grains we…
The phase characterisation and morphologies of forms I and II of terephthalic acid are presented. The structural nature of the II → I polymorphic phase transition has been explored and form II shown to be more stable at room temperature and pressure. A new mechanism is proposed for the apparent stability of multiply t…
Description Contains significant insight on the latest international developments in fracture mechanics. Central thermes are constraint issues and nonlinear fracture mechanics. Several papers also deal with the industry's most active topic of study, the two-parameter fracture mechanics approach to constraint and its i…
Improvement of the corrosion resistance of copper has been accomplished by the deliberate formation of cuprous and cupric oxides on the metal surface, based on simple immersion in acetate buffer or sodium hydroxide solution. Weight loss, potentiodynamic, and potentiostatic polarisation measurements in sodium chloride,…
Diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in 0∼0.6 mass% carbon steels with spheroidized cementite-ferrite and pearlite-ferrite structures have been measured by the electrochemical permeation method at 278∼318 K. The temperature and carbon concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficients has been discussed by using a s…
The intervalence charge-transfer (i.v.c.t.) transitions between the gold-(I) and -(III) ions in Cs2Au2X6(X = Cl, Br or I) have been investigated. From the polarized reflectance spectra of a single crystal of Cs2Au2I6 and group-theory analysis, the i.v.c.t. bands have been assigned. The strongest reflectance peak was t…
We investigate models for the growth of crystals of monodisperse polymer chains. A transition from extended chain crystals to folded chain crystals occurs as the temperature is changed which is governed by the kinetics of adsorption and desorption of chains at the growth surface. Folded chains may build up on the surf…