Materials Literature
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An overview is given of improvements in the reliability of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements over the past three decades. Early inter-laboratory comparisons showed wide variations in measurements of peak energies and relative peak intensities for the same material. Procedures now exist for calibratio…
The one-pot, high temperature, catalytic synthesis of polyetherimides (PEIs) in molten benzoic acid was investigated. The synthesis was conducted using the AB monomers, 4-aminophenoxy phthalic acid (IIa) and 3-aminophenoxy phthalic acid (IIb). Both Homo and co-PEIs with different ratios of substituted AB IIa and IIb w…
The Abraham solvation parameter model is used to calculate the numerical values of the solute descriptors for 4-aminobenzoic acid from experimental solubilities in organic solvents. The mathematical correlations take the form of where C S and C W refer to the solute solubility in the organic solvent and water, respect…
A nanoscaled Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 (BST) powder was successfully synthesized using a modified hydrothermal process at a low temperature ( ). By dissolving Ba(OH) 2 ·8H 2 O and Sr(OH) 2 ·8H 2 O in deionized water as a base solution, nanocrystalline BST powder can be obtained by mixing an ethanol solution of tetrabutyl ti…
Abstract Melting curves, obtained by differential scanning calorimetry, are used to estimate crystal size distributions. The proposed theoretical analysis is applied to different types of polyethylene, including high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), metallocene catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylenes (m‐LLDPE), blends…
ZK60 – RE alloys were made by melting ZK60 alloy and cerium rich rare earth (RE) in a crucible electric furnace. The content of RE was 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 wt-%, respectively. The influence of RE on the microstructure and tensile mechanical properties of ZK60 magnesium alloys was studied. The results showed that c…
Fischesserite, Ag3AuSe2, from the De Lamar mine, Owyhee County, Idaho, USA, was chemically and structurally analyzed. Electron-microprobe analyses give the chemical formula Ag2.98Cu0.01Au0.97Se2.03. Fischesserite is optically isotropic, silver white in color with a metallic luster. In reflected light, the mineral is p…
The three-dimensional branched nature of dendritic macromolecules provides many potential sites per molecule for the complexation of metal ions. Therefore, dendrimers may act as hosts for metals with coordination potentially occurring at the periphery, the interior, or both. To understand further the complexation of d…
A method of modeling woven fabric permeability features by means of neural nets is presented. The experiment is based on a steady-system design. A formal dependence is found, describing the relationship of the integral of a function that is a real pressure impulse formed on the woven fabric under impact air flow condi…
Abstract This study focuses on the ability of U‐PVC to be processed a number of times. Three different types of U‐PVC were investigated: virgin lead‐stabilized material; virgin calcium/zinc‐stabilized material; and reground, 20‐year‐old, post‐consumer windows. Each material was extruded four times, without any additio…
Abstract The labile tellurium cyanide species Te(CN) 2 and Te(CN) 4 have been prepared by treatment of tellurium( IV ) tetrahalides with cyanide. Both are thermosensitive solids and, in addition, the tetracyanide was found to be pyrophoric. The crystal structure of Te(CN) 2 has been determined. The structures of Te(CN…
Polycrystalline Ni-Zn ferrite, with a well-defined composition, Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4, synthesized by a low-temperature method showed the formation of a cubic ferrite phase with a crystallite size of ∼15 nm and saturation magnetization of Ms ≈ 44 emu/g at room temperature. When calcined at higher temperatures (up to 1200 °C…
We have successfully synthesized multiwall carbon nanotubes by a low temperature solvothermal approach at 310 °C, in which ethoxylated alcohol polyoxyethylene (4) ether was used as carbon source. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicated that the multiwall carbon nanotubes have outer diameters between 5…
Powder X-ray diffraction has become a cornerstone technique for deriving crystallite size in nanoscience due to speed and "simplicity". Unfortunately, this apparently simple technique commonly has unexpected problems. Anisotropic peak broadening related to crystallite shape, defects, and microstrain occurs frequently…
Abstract Particle tracking is performed using a combination of dark field or fluorescence video microscopy with automatic image analysis. The optical detection together with the image analysis software allows for the time resolved localization of individual particles with diameters between 100 and 1000 nm. Observation…
Electrical charging and residual charge decay of electro-spun nonwoven webs comprised of two electrically dissimilar polymers were studied in an effort to investigate their filtration properties. Polystyrene (PS) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were electrospun separately, in a layer-by-layer configuration and simultaneou…
Cobalt silicate was studied as a model catalyst to seek an understanding of why Co-MCM-41 catalyst is not active for single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) upon treatment at high temperature. Cobalt orthosilicate was formed during high-temperature pretreatment of Co-MCM-41 (at 900 °C) in an oxidizing environment. Cobalt…
This contribution documents with light micrographs the planktonic diatom flora in seven high arctic lakes on Store Koldewey, an island off Northeast Greenland. The lakes have maximum water depths between 6.1 and 72.0 m. Basic limnological analyses indicate that all lakes are cold, monomictic, clear, oligotrophic, and…
Specimens of 304 stainless steel with various martensite contents were prepared by a low temperature (−70°C) elongation method. Optical microscopy and transmission electron micrography were used to study the phase structure of the samples. A simulated occluded cell (OC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were…
Abstract Microstructural analysis reveals many important details about the qualities and capabilities of high-performance ceramics. This article explains how to prepare ceramic samples for imaging and the imaging technologies normally used. It describes sectioning, mounting, grinding, and polishing as well as ceramogr…