Materials Literature
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We evaluate, using exact general formulas, the flux-metric and magnetometric demagnetizing factors, N/sub f,m/, of a rectangular prism of dimensions 2a/spl times/2b/spl times/2c with susceptibility /spl chi/=0 and the demagnetizing factor, N, of an ellipsoid of semiaxes a, b. and c along the c axis. The results as fun…
For use as fuel cladding of liquid metal fast reactors, Fe-0.12C-9Cr-2W ODS martensitic steel claddings were developed by cold-rolling under the softened ferrite phase induced by slow cooling from austenite phase, subsequently by ferrite to austenite phase transformation to break up substantially elongated grains prod…
Abstract Polyurethane resins (PU) are widely used as coatings for textile fabrics in order to improve some properties (for example mechanical behaviour, water repellency and air impermeability). Two kinds of additives have been added to the polyurethane in order to provide flame retardancy to the coated textile struct…
Single-phase, spinel zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4) thin films were grown by rf magnetron sputtering onto glass substrates. Uniaxially oriented films with resistivities of 10−2–10−3 Ω cm, mobilities of 16–26 cm2/V s, and n-type carrier concentrations in the low 1019 cm−3 range were achieved. X-ray diffraction peak intensity…
Abstract The erratic behavior of cavitational activity exhibited in a sonochemical reactor poses a serious problem in its design and scale‐up. Several previous studies in the past dealt with mapping of sonochemical reactors, which have been critically analyzed and recommended for efficient scale‐up strategies. There h…
The distribution and phylogenetic affiliations of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)-degrading denitrifying bacteria in activated sludge were studied by a polyphasic approach including culture-independent biomarker and molecular analyses as well as cultivation methods. A total of 23 strains of PHBV-de…
The elastic coupling in the ferromagnetic/ferroelectric composite Terfenol-D/polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) leads to a magnetic field induced magnetoelectric (ME) effect: an applied magnetic field creates a piezomagnetic strain in the Terfenol-D that in turn induces a piezoelectric charge or voltage in the PVDF. This l…
Aims: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the chitosans produced by several species of fungi. Methods and Results: Representatives of four species of filamentous fungi, Aspergillus niger , Rhizopus oryzae , Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus sajo-caju , and two yeast strains, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii TISTR5…
Films of silk fibroin cast from fibroin–water solutions at different casting temperatures and untreated or treated after casting with methanol, were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), under static and dynamic mode, thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. DSC revealed…
Abstract The volume expansion behavior of low‐density polypropylene foams in extrusion is investigated in this paper. Since escape of blowing agent from the foam would cause the foam to contract, and to have low expansion, efforts were made to prevent gas loss during foaming. The basic strategies to the promotion of a…
Abstract The heat and flame resistance of high performance fibres are reviewed according to the literature data. The performance is discussed considering the physical and chemical structure of the fibres. Some selected high performance fibres are then evaluated using the cone calorimeter as a fire model to provide rea…
This review represents the authors' view of the evolution of solid‐state ionics over approximately the past 100 years. A brief history, introducing milestones of the development of this discipline, is followed by a short summary of the theory of ionic conduction in the bulk and the more recently developed theory of io…
First-principles total-energy calculations suggest that interstitial hydrogen impurity forms a shallow donor in SnO2, CdO, and ZnO, but a deep donor in MgO. We generalize this result to other oxides by recognizing that there exist a “hydrogen pinning level” at about 3.0±0.4 eV below vacuum. Materials such as Ag2O, HgO…
Abstract We present an improved algorithm of the self‐consistent mean‐field implementation that has been recently proposed for the calculation of block copolymer self‐assembly. Without requiring prior knowledge of the symmetry of the mesophase segregation, the algorithm is numerically stable and significantly faster t…
The planar disorder of Ca-montmorillonite (Fuller’s earth) has been investigated using structural simulations of X-ray powder patterns. A standard sample was fully characterized using chemical, microscopic, and diffraction methods. Earlier models of disorder taken from the literature and newly formulated combined mode…
Recent developments in the synthesis and application of hole conducting oligomeric and polymeric triarylamines are reviewed. The materials are classified as Star-shaped molecules, Spiros and dendrimers, Side-chain polymers, and Main-chain polymers and copolymers. This paper concentrates on the research results of our…
A systematic theoretical study of the electronic structure and bonding in metal meso-tetraphenyl porphines MTPP, M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn has been carried out using a density functional theory method. The calculations provide a clear elucidation of the ground states for the MTPPs and for a series of [MTPP]x ions (x=2+, 1+…
A series of dibenzoborole derivatives with various groups such as (N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl, thienyl, and bithienyl groups at the 3,7-positions have been synthesized and their photophysical properties studied. These new pi-electron systems show significant solvatochromism in the fluorescence spectra. Thus, about 100-1…
We show how dynamical heterogeneities in glass forming systems emerge as a consequence of the existence of dynamical constraints, and we offer an interpretation of the glass transition as an entropy crisis in trajectory space (space-time) rather than in configuration space. To illustrate our general ideas, we analyze…
In principle, a memory field-effect transistor (FET) based on the metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor gate stack could be the building block of an ideal memory technology that offers random access, high speed, low power, high density and nonvolatility. In practice, however, so far none of the reported ferroelectric memo…