Materials Literature
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Abstract Pitting of stainless steels in environments normally regarded as completely harmless is often attributed to microbial activity. In this paper, attention is drawn on one hand to the basic requirements for pitting of stainless steels to be possible, and on the other hand to various ways how microbial activity c…
Abstract The simultaneous biaxial deformation behavior of isotactic polypropylene films was investigated using a novel laboratory film stretcher. A detailed description of the apparatus and its measurement capabilities is presented. The effects of drawing temperature and ratio, strain rate, and deformation modes on th…
A new thiospinel CuCrZrS4 has been successfully synthesized by a solid-state chemical reaction. This CuCrZrS4 exhibits ferromagnetic properties below the Curie temperature at T c = 60 -2 K. The appearance of irreversible effect between field-cooled and zero-field-cooled magnetization is prominent below around 5 K in a…
The goal of this paper is to derive a micromechanics framework to study the kinetics of transformation due to interface migration in elastic-plastic materials. Both coherent and incoherent interfaces as well as interstitial and substitutional atomic diffusion are considered, and diffusional transformations are contras…
Porous CaZrO 3 /MgAl 2 O 4 composites were synthesized in air by pressureless reactive sintering of an equimolar mixture of dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ), monoclinic zirconia ( m ‐ZrO 2 ), and α‐alumina powders, with a 0.5 wt% lithium fluoride additive. The reaction behavior of the mixed powders (with/without LiF additive…
Abstract Eu 2 SnS 4 , Sr 2 SnS 4 , and Sr 2 GeSe 4 have been synthesized by heating the elements or binary precursors at 1073 K and their crystal structures were determined by single crystal methods. Eu 2 SnS 4 crystallizes with a new structure type ( Pnma , a = 11.187(2), b = 8.768(2), c = 7.538(2)Å, Z = 4), consisti…
The gene encoding a deoxyriboaldolase (DERA) was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of Klebsiella pneumoniae B-4-4. This gene contains an open reading frame consisting of 780 nucleotides encoding 259 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence exhibited 94.6% homology with the sequence of DERA from Escherichia…
The corrosion resistance and galvanic behavior of three stainless steels (SS), Alloy 33, and titanium were analyzed in commercial lithium bromide (LiBr) heavy brine solutions used in heating and refrigerating systems, with and without additives, using potentiodynamic anodic polarization measurements. Corrosion rates w…
Human osteoblast-like (bone-forming) cells were imaged using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The cells were hydrated, unfrozen, and uncoated. Specimens were cooled to 3 degrees C and imaged in water vapor, with partial pressures varying from saturated conditions to a humidity of approximately 50%, r…
Abstract The hexacoordinate silicon(IV) complexes [NEt 4 ] 2 [Si(NCS) 6 ] ( 2 ), [K(18‐crown‐6)] 2 [Si(NCS) 6 ]·2CH 3 CN ( 3· 2CH 3 CN), and cis ‐[(acac) 2 Si(NCS) 2 ] ( cis ‐ 4 ; acac = acetylacetonato‐ O , O ) were synthesized, starting from Si(NCS) 4 ( 1 ). Compounds 1 , 2 , 3· 2CH 3 CN, and cis ‐ 4 were structural…
We have applied supercritical CO 2 drying technique to fabricate free-standing semiconductor nanotubes, in order to solve the problem of tube collapsing caused by the capillary forces in the final drying process. We have successfully fabricated damage-free single-turn nanotubes with ultra-thin walls (lesser than 3 nm)…
Abstract This is the first of two parts investigating the Flory‐Huggins interaction parameter, χ , as a function of composition and chain length. Part 1 encompasses experimental and theoretical work. The former comprises the synthesis of poly(dimethylsiloxane)s with different molar mass and the measurements of their s…
We develop a model that quantifies constitutive nonlinearities and hysteresis inherent to ferroelastic compounds, with emphasis placed on shape memory alloys. We formulate the model in two steps. First, we use the Landau theory of phase transitions to characterize the effective Gibbs free energy for single-crystal and…
Abstract More than activity, selectivity of catalytic reactions is the focus of research in the 21 st century. We review studies on model systems that address the issue of directing a catalytic reaction on disperse metal catalysts by controlling the specific surface site. Three examples are explored: methanol dehydrog…
Abstract The novel two‐ and three‐dimensional solid materials [Cu(en) 2 (H 2 O)]{PMo VI 8 V IV 6 O 42 [Cu(en) 2 ][Cu 0.5 (en)] 3 }·5.5H 2 O and H 3 {V V Mo VI 8 V IV 6 O 42 [Cu(en) 2 ] 4 }[MoO 4 ] 2 ·14H 2 O (en = ethylenediamine) have been hydrothermally assembled and structurally characterized. Both networks are bas…
The VLF transmitting system in Cutler, ME currently broadcasts at one frequency through a two-element antenna system. This study investigates simultaneous operation at 24.0 and 17.8 kHz. Detailed nonlinear PSPICE models were generated for the system including the amplifier triodes, saturable dynamic-tuning reactors, a…
This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 82260, "Matrix Acid Stimulation - A Review of the State of the Art," by Phil Rae, SPE, and Gino di Lullo, BJ Services Co., prepared for the 2003 SPE European Formation Damage Conference, The Hague, 13-14 May.
A new rubidium pentaborate is synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Its crystal structure is studied by the heavy-atom method without any a priori knowledge of chemical formula. The chemical formula is Rb[B5O6(OH)4] · 0.5H2O, sp. gr. $$\bar P1$$ , lattice parameters a = 7.679(4) Å, b = 9.253(6) Å, c = 12.053(9) Å…
Chemical species during growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in direct current-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition were studied in detail using C3H4–NH3 and CO–NH3 mixtures through optical emission spectroscopy. In the C3H4–NH3 system, the relative intensities of CN (388.3 nm) and CH (431.4 nm) decreased and that o…
X-raying is used to study the structure of nanoporous carbon particles produced from carbides of various materials (SiC, TiC, Mo2C, and B4C) by chemical removal of carbide-forming elements. The X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit reflections in the double reflection angle ranges 2θ=23°–26° and 42°–44°. An analysis of t…