Materials Literature
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Grain refining mechanisms of Fe- and Mn-free high-purity Mg–Al alloy ingots and the influence of a small addition of Fe or Mn on their cast structures are investigated. In order to prepare the alloys, distilled pure magnesium (<99.99%) and commercial high-purity aluminum (99.99%) were melted, and given amounts of Fe a…
Hydrophobic CaCO3 composite particles were prepared via crystallization of CaCO3with a sodium trisilanolate [(c-C5H9)7Si7O9(ONa)3] in methanol. The molar ratio of calcium ion to the sodium trisilanolate was varied from 0.1 to 0.5. FT-IR and TGA analysis of the obtained product indicated that the trisilanol was bound t…
Singlet oxygen-initiated decomposition of urocanic acid (UCA) (3-(1H-imidazol-4(5)-yl)-2-propenoic acid) was used to successfully confirm the report that UCA generates singlet oxygen when irradiated with ultraviolet A light (UVA). The UCA-generated singlet oxygen converts UCA to one or more products that then catalyze…
New transparent surface crystallized glasses in the system of Sm2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 have been successfully fabricated. The second harmonic generation (SHG) from the crystalline phase at the surface layers has been confirmed from Maker fringe measurements. The irradiation of CW YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm induces…
As part of a program to determine how small structural changes become manifest in the optical properties of crystals we used classical dipole–dipole interaction calculations to estimate the linear birefringence and optical rotatory power of the crystals Ph4X where X = C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb. Field induced effects inclu…
A giant enhancement (no less than by 10 3 ) of the optical third-harmonic generation in one-dimensional porous silicon microcavities and photonic crystals was observed experimentally. The enhancement is due to the resonant enhancement of the fundamental field in the cavity mode and the fulfillment of the phase matchin…
The technique of bead injection has been adapted for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to substantially improve precision, long term stability and sensitivity of SERS detection in analytical chemistry. For this purpose a fully automated flow system comprising a dedicated flow-cell has been developed and tested.…
Diamond-like carbon films were deposited using the electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR-CVD) system. A model for the ECR plasma was formulated using deposition parameters, such as microwave power, pressure, and hydrogen/methane ratio as inputs. Using the model, electron energy, rate constant of…
N-substituted 1,3,5-triazacyclohexanes (R3TAC) react with praseodymium trifluoromethane sulfonates [Pr(OTf)3] to give the corresponding complexes, containing one or two R3TAC ring(s) coordinated to praseodymium, depending on R. The crystal and molecular structures of these compounds have been determined by X-ray diffr…
The deterministic proliferation of the orientation of hexagonally packed cylinders (HEX) from the twinned body-centered cubic (BCC) phase is investigated by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheo-optical methods for di- and triblock copolymers of styrene and isoprene (SI and SIS). Repeated heating an…
Abstract Budrugeac and Segal ( Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 33 , 564, 2001) have generally criticized the integral isoconversional methods for producing a systematic error in the activation energy, whose value varies with the extent of conversion. We stress that this error is practically eliminated in the advanced integral is…
The behavior of impurity and minor elements during electropolishing, chemical polishing, and anodizing treatments is examined for 99.99% Al and Al-0.2 atom % Mn alloy containing iron, copper, and silicon impurities in the parts per million range. Copper is enriched strongly, to at least during the two polishing treatm…
We consider a fully practical finite element approximation of an Allen--Cahn/Cahn--Hilliard system with a degenerate mobility and a logarithmic free energy. This system arises in the modeling of phase separation and ordering in binary alloys. In addition to showing well-posedness and stability bounds for our approxima…
This paper reviews the physical structure of plant bast fibres and its effect on the properties of composites containing bast fibre reinforcement. Natural fibres are competitive with glass fibres in many applications but variability in mechanical properties and low toughness can potentially limit their use in high str…
Composition and field-orientation dependence of magnetoelectric (ME) parameters have been investigated in of bulk and multilayer composites. Studies were performed on nickel ferrite--barium lead zirconate titanate (BLZT) and modified nickel ferrite--BLZT. The modification involved the addition of cobalt oxide to the f…
A model of rod-like cholesteric liquid crystals subjected to slow steady simple shear and low frequency small amplitude oscillatory shear flow is formulated and applied to permeation flow, also known as Helfrich permeation flow [Helfrich (1969, 1970)], when the cholesteric helix is oriented along the velocity directio…
The properties of clothing materials critically influence the comfort and performance of the wearer. Clothing is not just a passive cover for the skin: it interacts with and modifies the heat regulating function of the skin, and its effects are modified by the environment. This study investigates the combined effects…
The crystal structure of the new ternary oxalate CdZrK2(C2O4)4·8H2O was solved from single-crystal diffraction data. The crystal data are as follows: tetragonal symmetry, space group I (No. 82), a = 11.216(5), c = 8.954(5) Å, Z = 2. The structure is built from 8-fold coordinated cadmium, zirconium and potassium atoms.…
The morphology of porous layers obtained by electrochemical etching of (100) oriented n-GaAs substrates in an aqueous solution of HCl was studied. At low anodic current densities, up to 5 mA/cm 2 , pores in the form of triangular prisms grew along 〈111〉 crystallographic directions. For larger current densities the sha…
The cylinder-to-gyroid transition in a concentrated solution of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene in dibutyl phthalate has been studied using rheology and small angle X-ray scattering. Following an appropriate temperature quench, the oriented cylinder phase transforms to the gyroid structure epitaxially. Remarkably, an i…