Materials Literature
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An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to measure the distance dependence of the forces between microscopic-size glass spheres coated with gelatin and a solid surface in the presence of aqueous solution. It was observed that the adhesion and binding of microscopic objects on gelatin-coated surfaces is a result of c…
Rietveld structure refinement, 29 Si magic angle spinning (MAS) and 27 Al satellite transition (SATRAS) NMR spectroscopic data are given for three natural samples of meionite and for synthetic end-member meionite. Trends in structural parameters and NMR spectra are discussed for the solid-solution series from marialit…
Film formation from a latex involves interdiffusion of polymer chains. The interdiffusion behavior of polystyrene with H ends, one sulfonate end, and two sulfonate ends are compared via small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and a direct nonradiative energy transfer technique (DET) at short times. High molecular weight…
Abstract The intercalation complex of a low-defect dickite from Tarifa, Spain, with hydrazine was studied by high-temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) differential thermal analysis (DTA), and ther-mogravimetry (TG). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern obtained at room temperature indicated that the intercalation of h…
Composites of carbon black particles in polyethylene exhibit an unusually rapid increase in resistivity as the applied electric field is increased, making this material commercially useful as current-limiting thermistors, also known as automatically resettable fuses. In this application the composite is in series with…
Recently we reported a study of the thermodynamics of methanesulfonic acid and some of its derivatives. The foundation of these results was a measurement of the heat of reaction of S-methyl thioacetate with aq sodium hypochlorite, leading to methanesulfonic acid. We have reinvestigated this reaction and discovered tha…
Hydrogen in steels causes various types of cracking, which occur when the amount of hydrogen in a steel reaches a critical level. This phenomenon results from excessive internal hydrogen pressure, and is associated with the formation of cracks at material imperfections, for example non-metallic inclusions. Consequentl…
Based on the thermodynamics involving the lattice expansion due to hydrogen insertion, the interaction between hydrogen atoms and the blocking effect in hydrogen diffusion, we discuss the profiles of hydrogen concentration and self-induced stress, and their interaction in the steady state during hydrogen diffusion acr…
A detailed ultrasonic study of the elastic properties of glycine phosphite single crystals has been carried out at room temperature as well as across the ferroelectric phase-transition temperature. All 13 elastic stiffness moduli of this monoclinic crystal at room temperature have been determined by measuring the velo…
We report an investigation of the deterioration mechanism of aged silk fabrics treated in various ways. When we examine the deteriorated silk with thermal and amino acid analyses, we find that the decomposition temperature (above 300°C) of aged silk is higher than that of newer silk fabrics, and the amino acids in the…
Hydrothermal investigations in the high-silica region of the K(2)O-Nd(2)O(3)-SiO(2) system, carried out in a search for novel fast-ion conductors (FICs), yielded the new compound tripotassium neodymium heptasilicate, K(3)NdSi(7)O(17). Single-crystal X-ray methods revealed that K(3)NdSi(7)O(17) crystallizes in space gr…
This review describes methods of preparing hybrid inorganic–organic mesoporous silicates with uniform channel structures, as well as some of their applications. Both reactive and passive organic groups can be incorporated in the porous solids by grafting methods or by co-condensation under surfactant control. Function…
A comprehensive review of the recent developments regarding the phenomenon of reentrant phase transitions (RPT) in liquid crystals is presented. In addition to liquid crystals this phenomenon has been observed in amazingly diverse systems. A critical assessment of the experimental investigations concerning single and…
To evaluate irradiation behavior of δ-ZrHx+U fuel, thermal migration of hydrogen under temperature gradient has been estimated according to traditional diffusion theory. Hydrogen profiles at steady state and diffusion kinetics in single-phase δ-ZrHx have been calculated for a cylinder specimen. When a temperature grad…
We derived a closed-form solution for the pressure required to open a spherical or a cylindrical cavity in brittle materials which demonstrate a two-curve pressure–shear behavior. The material is allowed to crack under tension and fail under shear; only both failure modes result in comminution. Since the cavity expans…
Effects of sulfate (SO42−) and nitrate (NO3−) ion additives on pit growth of pure aluminum were investigated in 0.1 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution as a function of anion concentration using a potentiodynamic polarization experiment, a potentiostatic current transient technique, and optical microscopy. The increase…
Longitudinal wave propagation is controlled using shape memory inserts placed along rods. The inserts act as sources of impedance mismatch with tunable characteristics. Such characteristics are attributed to the unique behavior of the shape memory alloy whereby the elastic modulus significantly increases as the alloy…
Particles of the green luminescent Zn 2 SiO 4 :Mn having size of 0.3–1.3 µm was directly prepared by spray pyrolysis without post-annealing processes. Characteristics of as-prepared particles such as crystallinity, morphology, and photoluminescence were investigated. Zn 2 SiO 4 :Mn particles with spherical morphology,…
Low-resistivity indium–tin–oxide (ITO) films (8.9×10−5–2.3×10−4 Ω cm), 80±20 nm thick grown by combining pulsed laser deposition and laser irradiation of the substrate were studied in relation to tin (Sn) doping content. Films with Sn doping content over the range 0–10 wt % were deposited at room temperature (RT) and…
The total energies and the magnetic moments of Ru for HCP, BCC, FCC, BCT structures were calculated by using a first-principle full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method based on the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). HCP has the lowest energy among the structures calculated, which agrees wit…