Materials Literature
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Abstract A La-doped Pd–B amorphous catalyst (Pd–La–B) was prepared by chemical reduction of mixed PdCl2 and LaCl3 with KBH4. The La-dopant played a key role in stabilizing the amorphous structure since only the crystalline Pd–B was obtained without the La-dopant. During liquid phase phenol hydrogenation, the as-prepar…
We identify dynamical heterogeneities as an essential prerequisite for stretched exponential relaxation in dynamically frustrated systems. This heterogeneity takes the form of ordered domains of finite but diverging lifetime for particles in atomic or molecular systems, or spin states in magnetic materials. At the ons…
Abstract A new method to prepare CM–chitosan hydrogels was introduced with the use of steam. The procedure was simple and economical, with no toxic chemicals involved. The steam‐induced crosslinking of CM–chitosan sodium salt involved the –NH 2 and –COONa groups, forming amide linkages (–CONH–), evidently supported by…
Abstract In the present study we report the results obtained on the use of rice bran oil (RBO), a naturally occurring nontoxic oil, and its epoxidized variety (epoxidized RBO, or ERBO) in the compounding and vulcanization of different natural rubber–chloroprene rubber (NR–CR) blends. The processability, cure character…
We review our experimental and theoretical studies on the ultra-small single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) fabricated in the 1 nm channels of AlPO 4 -5 (AFI) zeolite single crystals. The structure of the SWNT was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse x-ray diffraction, and micro-Raman meas…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Although diesel engines have high thermal efficiency and excellent reliability, legislation in locations worldwide are calling for further reductions in nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). One possible method of compliance is a urea-SCR catalyst system to reduce NOx.…
Abstract The nucleating ability of two organic pigments, quinacridone and phthalocyanine, in nonisothermal polypropylene (PP) crystallization was investigated. The investigations were carried out using DSC and polarizing microscopy. The efficiency of pigments in the nucleation process was determined in a simple test c…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">A one-dimensional model simulating the oxidation of CO, HC, and NO was developed to predict the gaseous emissions downstream of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). The model is based on the conservation of mass, species, and energy inside the DOC and draws on past research literatu…
Abstract The temperature effects of electrical resistivity of conductive silicone rubber filled with widely varying concentrations of carbon blacks (CBs: GPF 660 carbon black, HAF N‐330 carbon black, VXC‐72 conductive carbon black, and BP2000 superconductive carbon black) were studied from 30 to 200°C. Both low positi…
Abstract In recent decades, great attention has been devoted to the toughening of isotactic poly(propylene) (PP) with elastomers such as ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR). The most important reasons for this interest are the moderate cost and favorable properties of PP. This article is focused on the role of EPR in the…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The particulate matter of a light-duty diesel engine was characterized in its morphology, sizes, internal microstructures, and fractal geometry. A thermophoretic sampling system was employed to collect particulates directly from the exhaust manifold of a 1.7-liter turbocharged com…
It is shown in this paper that the kinetics of the nematic-isotropic (NI) transition in 30-microm-thick octylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystal films is strongly affected by the cell walls. We have found that this is due to the modification of the wetting properties of the liquid crystal depending on the surface treatment.…
Abstract The addition of heat stabilizers is essential for preventing the degradation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) during its processing. The heat stabilizers consumed in the first run have to be made up before the reprocessing of recycled PVC. In this study, solvent‐cast films, which were prepared from granulated po…
Abstract Blends of synthetic poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) with a natural bacterial copolymer of 3‐hydroxybutyrate with 3‐hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) containing 8 mol % 3‐hydroxyvalerate units were prepared with a simple casting procedure. PPC was thermally stabilized by end‐capping before use. The miscibility, morpholog…
Abstract The concept of physical crosslinking was introduced into the research field of oil‐absorption resins, which were traditionally synthesized only by chemical crosslinking. Specifically, the partially physical crosslinking acrylic series for high‐oil‐absorption resins were prepared in the suspension process, and…
Abstract Diarylethenes with long π-conjugated heteroaryl groups were synthesized and their absorption spectra, photocyclization and cycloreversion quantum yields, and thermal stability were examined. The diarylethene with isopropyl groups at the reactive carbons was found to have a low decoloration quantum yield and t…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Ammonia is a potential alternative fuel that was indeed put into use in Belgium in World War II due to the extreme shortage of diesel. It has a high heating value per unit volume (1.16 × 10<sup>7</sup> kJ/m<sup>3</sup>) and its combustion products can be as…
We consider generalizations of the classical symmetrical Bruggeman equation based on the concept of shape-distributed particle systems. The use of the Beta distribution for the particle shape is shown to result in some known as well as unknown equations of the effective medium theory. However, these equations yield no…
INTRODUCTION NOTES: Absorbable/Biodegradable Polymers: Technology Evolution. DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONOF NEW SYSTEMS: Segmented Copolyesters with Prolonged Strength Retention Profiles. Polyaxial Crystalline Fiber-Forming Copolyester. Polyethylene Glycol-Based Copolyesters. Cyanoacrylate-Based Systems as Tissue Adhes…
We propose and theoretically analyze a novel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOSFET) type of spin transistor (hereafter referred to as a spin MOSFET) consisting of a MOS gate structure and half-metallic-ferromagnet (HMF) contacts for the source and drain. When the magnetization configuration between…