Materials Literature
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X-ray reflectivity under grazing incidence conditions is a powerful technique to study thin film density, surface roughness, and the multilayer structure without destroying the samples. In this article, we, using x-ray reflectivity technique, have studied the effects of bias voltage and deposition pressure on the mass…
The evaluation method of dielectric data based on a Williams product ansatz [A. Arbe, D. Richter, J. Colmenero, and B. Farago, Phys. Rev. E 54, 3853 (1996)] is not suited to the crossover region of the dynamic glass transition. This method is insensitive to the shape, position, or even existence of at least one of the…
Oxygen permeation properties of (A'=Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mg) were investigated. The oxides with ≤ 0.2 had hexagonal structure at room temperature. The disk membranes (1.0 mm thick) made of these oxides, when cooled from high temperature, showed significant rates of oxygen permeation down to critical temperatures characteri…
A number of 5-(alkylamino)- or 5-(arylamino)-2H-pyrrolium salts 3 or 5 have been obtained by treating the 1-aza-1,3-diene hydrochlorides 2 with isocyanides R4NC in refluxing acetonitrile or chloroform for a few hours. Depending on the experimental conditions, deprotonation of these species can occur in the reaction me…
A hypothesis for fiberÂfiber interaction in planar randomly oriented concentrated fiber suspensions is proposed and tested. The idea is that at sufficiently high fiber concentrations, friction and lubrication at fiberÂfiber contact points are the dominant interaction mechanisms. A fiber pull-out technique is introdu…
Abstract Conductive polymer composites were prepared by melt‐mixing of an immiscible blend of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and carbon black (CB). Three major factors—the carbon black content, the carbon black type, and the composite morphology—were shown to have remarkable effect…
The superplastic deformation of fine-grained yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystals (YSZPs) has been revised through a detailed analysis. The results indicate that high purity YSZPs (residual impurity content below 0.1 wt%) display a transition in the apparent stress exponent n ap from 2 (region II) to higher values…
Collagen type I extracted with acid or digested with pepsin forms fibrils under physiological conditions, but this ability is lost when the collagen is treated with alkaline solution or digested with matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). When acid-soluble collagen was incubated with alkali-treated collagen, the fibril fo…
Combination of anionic [V10O28]6- and cationic [AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ polyoxometalate clusters in an aqueous solution resulted in immediate hydrogel precipitation formation. This gel has the clusters in a 1:1 ratio arranged alternatively to form a short-range ordering. The precipitate, upon drying at room temperatu…
Kinetics of the grafting free radical polymerization of styrene from the surface of Si wafers with a top silica layer was studied by in situ ellipsometric measurements of the grafted amount ( A ). Wafers uncovered and covered by physisorbed azo- or peroxide macroinitiator or covalently bonded with the substrate azo-in…
Various approaches can be used to minimize residual stresses in ceramic‐metal joining, such as a refractory‐metal interlayer in a hot‐pressed joint. Nonetheless, it is still necessary to characterize the stresses at and near the interface between the interlayer and the ceramic, as a function of the hot‐pressing parame…
Local structures and orientations of guest molecules in kaolinite intercalation compounds of kaolinite/formamide (FA), kaolinite/formamide- N, N - d 2 (FA- d 2 ), kaolinite/ N -methylformamide (NMF), and kaolinite/ N, N -dimethylformamide (DMF) have been studied by means of solid-state NMR. 29 Si magic-angle-spinning…
Crystals of the 35 kDa protein haloalkane dehalogenase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 diffract to 1.15 A resolution at cryogenic temperature using synchrotron radiation. Blocked anisotropic least-squares refinement with SHELXL gave a final conventional R factor of 10.51% for all reflections in the 15-1.15 A reso…
We investigated the changes in composition and structure induced by heat treatment of cleaved fivefold icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystal surfaces by scanning electron microscopy and calibrated Auger electron spectroscopy. With increasing temperature we observed five different composition ranges of the surface coupled…
The effect of underlayer texture on Cu film orientation has been studied. Cu texture correlates well with the underlayer texture. The Cu〈111〉 crystallographic orientation is enhanced on TiN film with a strong TiN〈111〉 orientation. Cu preferred orientation can be controlled by choosing an appropriate underlayer. Cross-…
In this paper, a composting test on laboratory scale at 28°C and 98% relative humidity was developed to determine the weight loss of polyester amide (PEA) films as well as cotton and flax fiber reinforced composites with different thickness (40–2000 μm). The surface of the samples and the microorganisms were photograp…
Additional examples of successful application of macromolecular crystal annealing are presented. A qualitative evaluation of variables related to the annealing process was conducted using a variety of macromolecular crystals to determine in which cases parameters may be varied and in which cases the original macromole…
In this paper, we discuss the application of the maximum entropy method to atomic resolution Z-contrast images acquired in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Z-contrast is an incoherent imaging technique, and can be described as a convolution between an object function (the real-space map of the columnar sca…
A three‐dimensional construction is presented that illus‐trates conditions under which anisotropic interfaces will be fully wetted, partially wetted, or not wetted by a second phase. Recent experimental observations on the equili‐brated morphologies of solid or fluid “wetting” phases along anisotropic interfaces and g…
Plasma copolymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO, (CH 3 ) 3 -Si-O-Si-(CH 3 ) 3 ) and tetrafluoroethylene (CF 2 =CF 2 ) was performed using an RF plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, for its application to low dielectric constant intermetal dielectrics. Film structure was investigated by X-ray photoe…