Materials Literature
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We describe a liner for Cu-Damascene multilevel ULSI interconnects, which satisfies all the important requirements for a high performance and reliable Cu interconnect technology. This liner is implemented in the first manufacturing process to produce and ship CMOS chips with Cu interconnects. The liner is a bilayer fr…
The specific capacitance (F/g) of a poly(vinylidene chloride) (PVDC)-based electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) carbon electrode prepared by heat-treatment at only 700°C shows a capacitance as high as 64 F/g at 1 mA output current density, although it shows a specific surface area of only 700 m 2 /g, smaller than th…
Heteropoly acids (HPA) have been immobilised inside the channels of Si-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve by means of chemical bonding with amine groups introduced into the system during a previous aminosilylation procedure, which resulted in the strong anchoring of heteropoly anions and prevented the HPA leaching when…
LaAlO3 thin films were deposited by atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) from β-diketonate-type precursors La(thd)3 and Al(acac)3. Ozone was used as an oxygen source. Films were grown on soda lime glass, Si(100), MgO-buffered Si(100), sapphire and SrTiO3(100) substrates. The influence of the La∶Al precursor pulsing ratio on the…
We have investigated the influence of composition gradients on the microdomain structure and viscoelastic properties of tapered block copolymers by (i) varying the amount of interfacial material and (ii) the block sequence. Normal tapered and inverse tapered triblock copolymers of polystyrene and polyisoperne with a t…
Density functional theory calculations of hydroxyapatite identified the oxygen and hydrogen positions of the hydroxy groups in the crystal structure to be well defined, alternating in a column in the c-direction, and we predict that the experimentally found oxygen and hydrogen disorder is due to the presence in the cr…
The dependence of macropore morphology on the orientation of p- and n-type silicon samples was studied for various organic and aqueous electrolytes containing hydrofluoric acid. Scanning electron microscopy was used studying the morphology of the macropores. The results show that the macropore formation in p- and n-ty…
The structure of a crystalline form of Bombyx mori silk fibroin, commonly found before the spinning process (known as silk I), has been proposed as a repeated beta-turn type II-like structure by combining data obtained from solid-state two dimensional spin-diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance and rotational-echo doubl…
Highly ordered hydrothermally stable SBA-15 mesoporous silica containing phosphonic acid groups are synthesised for the first time by using amphiphilic block copolymers as the structure-directing agents.
The syntheses, crystal structures, and physical properties of two new crystalline charge-transfer salts of BEDT-TTF, bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene, containing tris(oxalato)metallate(III) anions of 3d elements are reported. Electrochemical oxidation of BEDT-TTF in the presence of (NH4)3[Fe(C2O4)3]·3H2O or (NH4)…
Niobium(V) oxide (Nb2O5) powders were synthesized by the solvothermal reaction of niobium(V) pentabutoxide (NPB) in toluene at 573 K in the absence or presence of water. Nb2O5 powder with a large surface area (>200 m2 g−1) was obtained in the absence or presence of only a small amount of water. Its X-ray diffraction (…
Space charge is a recent hot topic in the field of electrical insulation, since it can be measured nondestructively as standard practice. It has been long suspected that space charge might be critically involved in local dielectric breakdown or tree initiation. It is widely accepted that space charge is formed under d…
The effect of solution pH on some characteristic properties, i.e. , thickness and ion content, of the surface oxide film on high purity aluminum exposed to NaCl solutions have been analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The aluminum oxide film thickness is strongly dependent upon the solution pH. In the a…
A new dielectric composite consisting of a polymer coated onto a high-density metallized Kraft has been developed for application in pulse power capacitors. The polymer coating is custom formulated for high dielectric constant and strength with minimum dielectric losses. The composite can be wound and processed using…
Tryptophan synthase is a classic enzyme that channels a metabolic intermediate, indole. The crystal structure of the tryptophan synthase alpha2beta2 complex from Salmonella typhimurium revealed for the first time the architecture of a multienzyme complex and the presence of an intramolecular tunnel. This remarkable hy…
Nanoporous platinum sponges, which exhibit characteristic X-ray diffraction patterns due to structural order on the mesoscale, have been obtained after removing the silica template with HF following synthesis within the pores of MCM-48 and SBA-15 with Pt(NH3)4(NO3)2.
Hederagenin, delta-hederin [hederagenin alpha-L-arabinoside], kalopanax-saponin A [hederagenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L- arabinoside], kalopanaxsaponin I [hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-xylosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L- rhamnosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinoside], and sapindoside C [hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-x…
Atomistic computer modelling methods are used to investigate the effect of the strong magnesium–water interaction on the crystal growth of dolomite MgCa(CO3)2. We find that the main dolomite cleavage plane under aqueous conditions is less stable than its counterparts in either pure calcite CaCO3 or magnesite MgCO3. Mo…
The photophysical properties of tetra-tert-butylphthalocyaninatosilicon (SiPc) covalently linked to one or two 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radicals (R1, R2) have been studied by fluorescence, transient absorption, and time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopies. It is found th…
The effects on the electrical conductivity and the crystalline structure of the addition of and to with 11 mol % (11ScSZ) have been examined. 11ScSZ has the rhombohedral structure and is transformed to cubic structure at 580°C. The cubic phase was stabilized at room temperature by the addition of about 6 mol % and 2 m…