Materials Literature
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Photonic band gaps created by Bragg scattering of the surface plasmon polaritons are observed from dielectric grating structures on a flat metal surface. Observation results that directly image the band gaps are confirmed by the well-known numerical calculation method of diffraction, the rigorous coupled-wave analysis…
In this study, the putative mutant strains of Bacillus megaterium Y6, B. subtilis K8, B. sphaericus X3 and B. firmus G2 were studied for their poly-b-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production capacities. Mutations were induced by using UV light, acriflavin and 5-bro…
The resistivity, magnetization, specific heat, shear modulus, and internal friction in the charge-ordered (CO) La0.25Ca0.75MnO3 were studied. The electronic conduction in the CO state was found to obey Mott's variable-range hopping model with a change in the localization length ξ near TN. A large decrease of the magne…
The swelling of a model polyelectrolyte gel is studied via three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulations, taking into account the counterions and the solvent explicitly. Each network bead carries a charge q(*). The counterion charge is -q(*), and thus the total system is neutral. The solvent is modeled via a Stockm…
Abstract Grafting of vinyl monomers onto isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in the solid state, that is, below the melting point, displays several advantages over melt or solution grafting processes, such as negligible degradation of the iPP and absence of any solvent. The final properties of such iPP modifications or actu…
This study reports the discovery of two perovskite materials Ba(Li1/4Nb3/4)O3 (BLN) and Ba(Cu1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BCN). BLN has a cubic symmetry at room temperature. The magnitude of dielectric constant at room temperature is of the order of 41. The dielectric spectrum of BLN exhibits a U shaped curve with a flat bottom. This…
Indium–tin-oxide (ITO) and indium–tin-oxynitride (ITON) thin films have been fabricated by rf-sputtering in plasma containing Ar or a mixture of Ar and N2, respectively. The structural, electrical and optical properties of ITON films were examined and compared with those of ITO films. The microstructure of ITON films…
Abstract Rubber seed oil (RSO) was modified with different amounts of maleic anhydride, and RSO alkyds (50% oil length) were modified to various extents by the incorporation of different amounts of maleic anhydride and fumaric acid. All the resins were evaluated as water‐reducible binders. Modification with maleic anh…
Filling ('loading') of nanotubes has been of interest for over a decade. [ 1 ] Past investigations have focussed on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), both of which are expensive and technologically demanding to produce in bulk. A cheap, low-tech alternative, morphologically similar to multiwa…
The volatility of bismuth and bismuth oxide species complicates the growth of phase-pure films of SrBi2Nb2O9 and SrBi2Ta2O9. Films that appear phase-pure by x-ray diffraction can have microstructural defects caused by transient bismuth nonstoichiometry which have a significant impact on properties. Such defects are re…
We fabricated a two-dimensional subwavelength grating (SWG) on a GaSb substrate. The SWG was patterned by electron-beam lithography and etched by a fast atom beam with SF 6 and Cl 2 gases. The SWG consisted of tapered gratings with a 350-nm-period and a 1280-nm-deep groove. The reflectivity at wavelengths from 500 nm…
Fabrication and operation of a vertical nanowire field-effect transistor is reported. The device is prepared by growing vertical wires in the cylindrical pores of a polymer foil stack. The nanowire diameter is approximately 100 nm, the packing density up to 108 cm−2. The polymer foil stack consists of two polymer laye…
A detailed crystal-field splitting analysis is reported for the energy levels of Dy3+(4f9) in crystals of YAlO3 and DyAlO3 orthoaluminates. Experimental energy (Stark) levels for the 15 lowest-energy LJ2S+1 multiplet manifolds of Dy3+ are reported and supplemented with values found in the literature. A parameterized H…
Dielectric functions of Zn1−xMnxO (x⩽0.19) thin films were obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry at room temperature in the 1.5–5 eV photon energy region. A strong absorption structure is observed near 3.1 eV, below the optical band-gap absorption (E0) edge, and it does not shift with x. It is interpreted as due to t…
Aligned carbon nanotubes with a double coaxial structure of nitrogen‐doped and undoped multiwalls are fabricated using an aluminum anodic oxide film as a template. A bundle of nanotubes is shown in the Figure. The new technique opens up a novel route for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes with coaxial heterojunctions b…
The effects of hydrogen plasma treatment on high-quality bulk n-ZnO crystals were studied. It is shown that after plasma exposure at 200 °C for 0.5 h the hydrogen penetrates into the material down to about 20 μm and shows concentrations close to 1017 cm−3 in that region. The incorporation of this hydrogen coincides wi…
An experimental study on the dipole resonance of long high-conducting fibers embedded in an inhomogeneous composite sheet was conducted. The location of the resonance characterizes the effect of the inhomogeneous environment on the electromagnetic response of the fibers. It is shown that the resonance frequency is det…
This report presents the significant findings of a building performance team that investigated the structural damage sustained by the Pentagon after an airplane was crashed into it on September 11, 2001. The team, which was constituted on the day of the crash, reviewed available information on the structure, crash loa…
Molybdenum-doped indium oxide (IMO), an n-type transparent conducting oxide, was deposited using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The effects of oxygen concentration in an argon ambient and substrate temperature on film properties were studied. Compared to undoped indium oxide (In2O3) films, IMO films demonstrate…
Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is a noncontact and nondestructive optical technique for thin film characterization. In the past 10 yr, it has migrated from the research laboratory into the semiconductor, data storage, display, communication, and optical coating industries. The wide acceptance of SE is a result of its…