Materials Literature
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Abstract The continuous production of polystyrene microcellular foams with supercritical CO 2 was achieved on a two‐stage single‐screw extruder. Simulations related to the foaming process were accomplished by modeling the phase equilibria with the Sanchez‐Lacombe equation of state and combining the equations of motion…
Porous silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics were fabricated by an oxidation‐bonding process in which the powder compacts are heated in air so that SiC particles are bonded to each other by oxidation‐derived SiO 2 glass. Because of the crystallization of amorphous SiO 2 glass into cristobalite during sintering, the fracture…
Eleven well characterized humic substances (HSs) were adsorbed from aqueous solution onto a Na‐kaolin clay. The adsorption affinity ( K L ), maximum adsorption capacity ( b ), a coefficient of desorption hysteresis ( H ), and the concentration of irreversibly adsorbed HS (IHS) were derived from adsorption‐desorption i…
A chemical process for fabrication of Si 3 N 4 /BN nanocomposite was devised to improve the mechanical properties. Si 3 N 4 /BN nanocomposites containing 0 to 30 vol% hexagonal BN ( h ‐BN) were successfully fabricated by hot‐pressing α‐Si 3 N 4 powders, on which turbostratic BN ( t ‐BN) with a disordered layer structu…
The variable focusing function of a liquid crystal lens (LCL) with a spherical electrode is demonstrated. One electrode is a transparent film of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on the spherical surface of a plano-convex glass lens that is placed on a planar liquid crystal cell. The lower substrate of the cell is also co…
Self-assembled diblock copolymer thin films are used as sacrificial layers for the transfer of dense nanoscale patterns into more robust materials. We detail the processes used to achieve highly uniform nanoporous dielectric films, high-aspect-ratio nanotextured silicon, silicon nitride dot arrays, silicon pillar arra…
We report on the synthesis of randomly branched (arborescent) poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) by self-condensing vinyl copolymerization (SCVCP) of an acrylic AB* inimer, 2-(2-bromopropionyloxy)ethyl acrylate (BPEA), with tert -butyl acrylate (tBuA) via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), followed by hydrolysis of te…
We isolated Gram-positive alkane-degraders from soil and a tricking-bed reactor, and show using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with degenerate alkane hydroxylase primers and Southern blots that most Rhodococcus isolates contain three to five quite divergent homologues of the Pseudomonas putida GPo1 alkB gene. Two Myc…
We have designed, developed, and tested a very promising thermal image analysis method for polygraph testing. The method achieved a correct classification rate of CCR= 84% on the test population to our avail. This method, once refined, can serve as an additional channel for increasing the reliability and accuracy of t…
The strong electromagnetic field enhancement, occurring at illuminated metal structures with sub-wavelength dimensions, is exploited to develop Raman spectroscopy with exceedingly high sensitivity and lateral resolution, possibly down to single molecule detection. After reviewing Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (S…
In this study, fabric bagging tests are performed on a set of knitted fabrics that vary in design, tightness factor, and blend ratio. The relationships between residual bagging height ( R residual ) obtained from the fabric bagging test and the mechanical characterization determined from the KES-FB system are presente…
The early development of quantitative electron probe microanalysis, first using crystal spectrometers, then energy dispersive x-ray spectrometers (EDXS), demonstrated that elements could be detected at 0.001 mass fraction level and major concentrations measured within 2 % relative uncertainty. However, during this per…
We have investigated mixed electronic‐ionic conduction in 0.5[ x Ag 2 O·(1 − x )V 2 O 5 ]–0.5TeO 2 glasses, where the Ag 2 O amount varies over a range of 5–40 mol%. The glass samples have been prepared by quenching the melt. The ac conductivity has been measured at frequencies from 10 Hz to 100 kHz and temperatures o…
Abstract In the frequency range of 2–18 GHz, the microwave absorbing properties of a carbon black/silicone rubber blend were investigated by changing the carbon black content and the thickness. The real part (ε′) and the imaginary part (ε″) of permittivity of the blends were calculated from the S‐parameters measured b…
Nanoscale phase separation effects are of general interest in glass science. Such structural effects produce usually pronounced changes in glass physical properties which can mask the more subtle elastic effects related to rigidity transitions. The glass-transition temperature, T g , is an intrinsic measure of network…
The solubility of phenyl acetic acid, p -hydroxyphenylacetic acid, p -aminophenylacetic acid, p -hydroxybenzoic acid, and ibuprofen in water and in a range of organic solvents of relevance to industrial processing is reported. The solvents used are water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, e…
Energies associated with deviations from stoichiometry for an extensive series of A 2 B 2 O 7 pyrochlores have been predicted. A 3+ cations range in size from Lu to La and B 4+ cations from Ti to Pb. Results are presented in the form of contour maps as a means of conveying large quantities of data as well as predictin…
Solid solution effects on the hardness and flow stress have been studied for zinc contents between 0.2 and 2.4 at% (0.5 and 6.9 wt%) in Mg. The alloys were grain refined with 0.6 wt% zirconium to ensure a similar grain size at all compositions. The hardness increases with the zinc content as Hv10 (kg mm—2) = 9 Zn (at%…
The preparation, characterization, materials properties, crystallization behavior and biodegradability of a polylactide (PLA)/organically modified layered silicate nanocomposite is described. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and high-resolution TEM analyses confirmed that intercalated stacked and disordered/exfoliated mic…
Abstract Polymer layered‐silicate (clay) nanocomposites have not only the unique advantage of reduced flammability, but also improved mechanical properties. This is a key advantage over many flame retardants, which reduce flammability but also reduce the mechanical properties of the polymer. In our efforts to further…