Materials Literature
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We here tabulate and describe all currently recognized proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) and their homologues encoded within the genomes of sequenced E. coli strains. There are five recognized Enzyme I homologues and six recognized HPr homologues. A nitrogen-metabolic PTS phosph…
We present a new interatomic potential capable of describing the cubic and tetragonal phases of zirconia. From an analysis of molecular‐dynamics simulations of the structural fluctuations in the cubic phase close to the transition temperature, we show that the cubic‐to‐tetragonal transition is displacive. In addition,…
Highly weathered kaolinitic soils in Brazil often have adequate levels of K and Mg to support plant growth. The source of K and Mg in these soils and their relationship with the dominant mineral, kaolinite, is addressed in this article. Crystallographic, chemical, and morphological properties of kaolinite, from select…
Using the Lagrangian formalism, equations of radial and translational motions of two coupled spherical gas bubbles have been derived up to terms of third order in the inverse distance between the bubbles. The equations of radial pulsations were then modified, for the purpose of allowing for effects of liquid compressi…
This article presents experimental results of the dynamic yield strength and dynamic tensile strength (“spall strength”) of aluminum single crystals at shock-wave loading as a function of temperature. The load duration was ∼40 and ∼200 ns. The temperature varied from 20 to 650 °C which is only by 10 °C below the melti…
Freeze‐drying concepts were utilized in the shape forming of alumina parts by pressureless slip molding using aqueous slurries. A water solidification modifier, glycerol, was utilized to eliminate the defects associated with the expansion and ceramic particle rejection of water during freezing. Castable alumina slurri…
Liquid crystals are molecular materials that combine anisotropy with dynamic nature. Recently, the use of hydrogen bonding for the design of functional liquid crystalline materials has been shown to be a versatile approach toward the control of simple molecularly assembled structures and the induction of dynamic funct…
OBJECTIVE: Previous tissue engineering approaches to create small caliber vascular grafts have been limited by the structural and mechanical immaturity of the constructs. This study uses a novel in vitro pulse duplicator system providing a 'biomimetic' environment during tissue formation to yield more mature, implanta…
The magnetostriction (/spl lambda//sub 100/) of b.c.c. Fe is increased over 10-fold at room temperature by the substitution of /spl sim/20% gallium for Fe. Fe/sub 1-x/Ga/sub x/ alloys with x between 0.19 and 0.214 that are quenched from 800/spl deg/C exhibit magnetostrictions /spl sim/25% higher than those furnace-coo…
Abstract This paper discusses the competing chemical reactions involved in the peroxide vulcanization of elastomers. Each of these reactions can have a profound effect on the cure characteristics as well as on the properties of the final vulcanizate. The balance between these reactions is determined by several factors…
Two silica-precipitating peptides, silaffin-1A(1) and-1A(2), both encoded by the sil1 gene from the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis, were extracted from cell walls and purified to homogeneity. The chemical structures were determined by protein chemical methods combined with mass spectrometry. Silaffin-1A(1) and -1A(2)…
The conduction process in conducting polymers has some unusual features. Even for highly conducting samples, the electronic transport properties show a mixture of metallic and non-metallic character, which is most easily explained in terms of the heterogeneous morphology of the polymers. The Figure shows the character…
Structure-directing agents that aid in the formation of ordered, mesostructured titania have been found in poly(ethylene oxide) surfactants. Thermal treatment of the films results in stiffening of the titania network, thereby providing straight channels with elliptical pore cross sections (see Figure). The preparation…
Core–shell particles with tailored optical properties are obtained via manipulation of the number of Au@SiO2 nanoparticle layers deposited onto larger polymer spheres. The surface characteristics of silica, which surrounds the gold nanoparticles, are exploited to achieve a dense and uniform nanoparticle coating. The l…
The theory and the experimental characteristics of the bulk photovoltaic effect in ferroelectric and piezoelectric crystals first observed at the Institute of Crystallography have been reviewed. I dedicate this review to the memory of B.K. Vainshtein whose help in performing these works was really inestimable.
We measure the high-temperature thermoelectric properties of the Na x CoO 2-δ single crystal for the first time. The Na x CoO 2-δ single crystals are prepared by a flux technique, and the resulting flaky single crystals are very thin on the c -axis. The in-plane electrical resistivity (ρ), the thermoelectric power ( S…
We present a 3ω method for simultaneously measuring the specific heat and thermal conductivity of a rod- or filament-like specimen using a way similar to a four-probe resistance measurement. The specimen in this method needs to be electrically conductive and with a temperature-dependent resistance, for acting both as…
A very short processing time for making well-organized multilayer films can be achieved employing the novel spin self-assembly method described in this paper. The authors elaborate on the advantages of this method versus conventional self-assembly methods for the fabrication of multilayer polyelectrolyte films. The Fi…
The glass transition temperatures ( T g 's) of ultrathin films (thickness 80−18 nm) of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were measured on surfaces with interfacial energies (γ SL ) ranging from 0.50 to 6.48 mJ/m 2 . The surfaces consisted of self-assembled films of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) th…
The three-dimensional polymeric compounds [Fe(pz)M(CN)4]·nH2O (pz = pyrazine; M = Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II)) have been synthesized and characterized. They undergo strong cooperative spin transitions, large hysteresis loops, and dramatic color changes upon spin conversion. The two-dimensional homologues [Fe(py)2M(CN)4…