Materials Literature
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The finite size effect on the phase transition in PbTiO 3 fine particles is described. Very small crystals with an average diameter of 14.2 nm were obtained by lowering the calcination temperature to 400° C. Raman scattering measurements of such fine particles were carried out to study the dependence of the phase tran…
Summary We analysed the chemistry of solutions collected from soil by zero‐tension plate lysimeters and cup lysimeters connected to a constant suction (600 hPa) under Douglas fir in the Beaujolais mountains (France). The chemistry of zero‐tension lysimeters' (ZTL) and tension lysimeters' (TL) solutions differed enormo…
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is well-known as a high molecular weight homopolymer of R-3-hydroxybutyrate which accumulates in storage granules within the cytosols of certain bacteria. Escherichia coli does not amass these granules; however, small amounts of low molecular weight PHB (<0.02% of dry weight) have been fo…
Continuous films of silver(II) oxide (AgO) have been electrodeposited directly from aqueous solutions of 50 m M silver acetate/25 m M sodium acetate onto 430 stainless steel, polycrystalline platinum, and indium‐tin oxide‐coated glass. Current efficiencies for the electrodeposition process ranged from 62 to 95% and we…
The quaternary system Ti‐Al‐C‐N and its binary and ternary boundary systems are investigated using powder methods and XRD analysis. Phase equilibria at 1375°C are presented in an isothermal network for alloys up to 50 at.% Ti. In the vertical section Ti 2 AIC 1‐x ‐Ti 2 AlN 1‐x a complete series of solid solutions exis…
Electrochemical lithium intercalation in VO 2 ( B ) electrodes in aqueous electrolytes has been studied by means of electrochemical methods (such as cyclic voltammetry and constant current discharge and charge) as well as atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Experiments were conducted in various buffer electrolytes ha…
Corrosion inhibition characteristics of four selected S-alkylisothioronium halides on steel in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) media were investigated at 30°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C. The number of active sites on the metal occupied by a molecule of the inhibitor (1/y) and the binding constants (K) of the inhibitor to the active…
Hydrotropy is a solubilization process whereby addition of large amounts of a second solute results in an increase in the aqueous solubility of another solute. Past investigations have focused on the potential interaction of the hydrotropic agent with the solubilized solute. Conversely, this study proposes that at lea…
Titanium surfaces were coated with bovine serum albumin using carbodiimide, a crosslinking agent. The durability of the coated surfaces and the inhibitory effect of the albumin coating on bacterial adherence were tested in vitro for 20 consecutive days at 37 degrees C in phosphate buffered saline, with intermittent ag…
We introduce a method for using dynamic light scattering to measure the frequency-dependent linear viscoelastic moduli of complex fluids. The technique exploits the fluctuation dissipation theorem, which relates the relaxation of thermal excitations of a probe particle to the viscoelastic properties of the surrounding…
The behaviour of mode I cracks in -Fe is investigated using molecular statics computer simulation methods with an EAM potential. A double-ended crack of finite size embedded in a cylindrical simulation cell and fixed boundary conditions are prescribed along the periphery of the cell, whereas periodic boundary conditio…
Abstract Layered bimetallic gold‐palladium colloids in the size range of 20–56 nm have been synthesized by the seed=growth method: gold seeds were covered by palladium layers of various thickness and vice versa. The outer metal was coordinated by trisulfonated triphenylphosphine and sodium sulfanilate ligands to stabi…
Distributions of wave fields in three-dimensional domains are analyzed, synthesized, and generated experimentally. Fundamental limits are discussed and sampling conditions are derived for their generation, with use of a single diffractive element. A general design procedure, based on optimization algorithms, is develo…
We present a detailed analysis of magnetoresistance in tetragonal thin films of ferromagnetic ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}}$ grown by atomic layer-by-layer molecular-beam epitaxy. The field and temperature dependence of the resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}$ show an…
Encapsulation of platinum-group metals (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt) within carbon nanocapsules and synthesis of single-layered (SL) carbon nanotubes by arc evaporation of metal/carbon composites have been studied. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that all the platinum-group metals, forming small particles (10–200…
The intermediate‐temperature oxidation embrittlement, or ‘pest,’ effect found in ceramic‐matrix composites (CMCs) is shown to have features analogous to stress corrosion cracking. The behavior involves crack growth upon oxidation of the fibers or the fiber coatings to form an oxide that weakens the fibers. It has reac…
Abstract The iron(II) complex [Fe(bpp) 2 ]‐(CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 H 2 O (bpp = 2,6‐bis(pyrazolyl‐3‐yl)pyridine) shows a thermal spin transition associated with a hysteresis of approximately 140 K width. The transition temperatures T 1/2 (where the fraction of HS species γ HS = 0.5) are 147 K and ≈︁285 K in the cooling and hea…
Gold(III) ions in aqueous solutions of NaAuCl4 were reduced to form gold particles by ultrasonic irradiation. The rate of formation of gold particles was accelerated in the presence of certain organic additives such as surfactants, water-soluble polymers and aliphatic alcohols and ketones. The rates of formation of go…
Micromagnetic calculations using the finite-element method provide a quantitative understanding of demagnetization processes in nanocrystalline ferromagnetic materials. In these materials demagnetization processes are mainly determined by short-range exchange and long-range dipolar interactions, which sensitively depe…
High pulse energies of nanosecond-level fourth- and fifth-harmonic (4omega and 5omega) generation of a Nd:YAG laser have been obtained with a CsLiB(6)O(10) (CLBO) nonlinear crystal. 500 mJ of 4omega output with a conversion efficiency of 50% from the second-harmonic input was generated. 5omega output at 213 nm of as h…