Materials Literature
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In this paper, we begin by discussing the historical background of transparent conducting oxides and then make some general remarks about their typical properties. This is followed by a short discussion of the desired properties for future applications (particularly photovoltaic devices). These are ambitious objective…
Circular braiding is a manufacturing process for making circular braided fabrics. Relative sliding of yarns during their interlacing motion introduces friction which limits the density of the braided fabric. A kinematic analysis is presented in this paper. Yarns’ absolute motion, relative sliding motion and twist moti…
In a laboratory X-ray powder diffraction study, the evaluation of the patterns of three Bragg–Brentano powder diffractometers with different monochromator geometries has been undertaken. For the measurements on each diffractometer, the standard reference material SRM 640 (silicon) and the corundum samples SRM 674a and…
Oil and gas pipelines are generally magnetically anisotropic, with a magnetic easy axis in the pipe axial direction. This is of interest because magnetic flux leakage tools are commonly used for the detection and sizing of defects. In the present study we investigate the origin of this magnetic easy axis, using an ang…
In the crayfish Procambarus clarkii, the gastroliths are formed as a paired structure in the stomach during the premolt period, and contain calcium carbonate and a small amount of an organic matrix. In this investigation, a cDNA encoding an insoluble matrix protein was isolated from P. clarkii. The open reading frame…
Using a novel experimental procedure in the field of ceramics/materials science that is based on the precise microanalysis (scanning electron microscopy, coupled with wavelength‐dispersive spectroscopy) of the phases that are present in equilibrated specimens, the solid‐state compatibility relations in the subsystem M…
The relationships of diffraction averaged elastic compliances for an ideally random polycrystal to the single-crystal elastic compliances are given, within the Reuss approximation, for crystal systems with orthorhombic and higher symmetry. For anisotropic materials, these diffraction elastic compliances are dependent…
trans-Polyoctylene rubber (TOR) was melt blended with an incompatible NR/EPDM (70/30) blend. Mixing torque and temperature were reduced as TOR was added to NR/EPDM blend. The curing characteristics of the blend were affected as TOR participated in vulcanization and became a part of network. A scanning electron microgr…
Quenched and tempered martensitic stainless steel UNS S41000 was tested electrochemically for susceptibility to sensitization in specimens quenched from 975°C (1,248 K) and tempered for 2 h at different temperatures between 300°C (573 K) and 700°C (973 K). Besides an oxalic acid etch test, the following tests were per…
Protein crystallization is the most difficult and time-consuming step in the determination of a protein's atomic structure. As X-ray diffraction becomes a commonly available tool in structural biology, the necessity for rational methodologies and protocols to produce single, high-quality protein crystals has come to t…
The influence of solids loading and particle shape on the green microstructure of slip‐cast bodies was investigated. Three commercial silicon carbide (SiC) powders (two coarse varieties with the same particle‐size distribution (PSD) but different particle shapes and a finer powder) were used to prepare bimodal PSDs de…
The AraR protein is a negative regulator involved in L-arabinose-inducible expression of the Bacillus subtilis araABDLMNPQ-abfA metabolic operon and of the araE/araR genes that are organized as a divergent transcriptional unit. The two ara gene clusters are found at different positions in the bacterial chromosome. Ara…
The phase stability of Sr‐doped (LSM) perovskite in the La‐Sr‐Mn‐O system was investigated as a function of Sr content and A/B cation ratio. The perovskite structure changed with both Sr content and A/B cation ratio. As the Sr content was increased to 0.2 mol, the perovskite structure adopted an orthorhombic distortio…
The motion of phase-separating liquid drops was simulated in two dimensions following the model H, where convection and diffusion are coupled via a body force, expressing the tendency of demixing systems to minimize their free energy. This driving force depends on the capillary number, i.e., the ratio of viscous to th…
The reflectance spectra of bulk superionic glasses $x\mathrm{AgI}\ensuremath{-}(1\ensuremath{-}x)[{\mathrm{Ag}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}n{\mathrm{B}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}]$ with $n=2,$ $0<~x<~0.65$ (diborate) and $n=0.5,$ $0.40<~x<~0.60$ (pyroborate) have been measured in the infrared to investigate the…
The Warren-Averbach (WA) analysis of X-ray Bragg-peak broadening, as well as simplified methods, are employed in the characterization of a set of nanocrystalline Fe powder samples with a wide range of grain sizes. In the WA analysis, the hook effect present at short times is attributed to small-angle grain boundaries.…
Cu/Ti3SiC2 composite, a new electrofriction material, was prepared, for the first time, by PM method. The microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of the Cu/Ti3SiC2 composites were investigated and were compared with those of Cu/graphite composites. The results demonstrated that Cu/Ti3SiC2 composites had s…
The dependence of the cellular (biogenic) and frustule-associated (mineralized) silica content of the diatoms Navicula salinarum and Thalassiosira weissflogii on salinity and aluminium conditions was studied in order to make it possible to manipulate silicification in vitro and maximize it to levels required for physi…
Ternary vanadium oxide glasses in the system ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}{\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{O}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ are fabricated by press quenching of glass melts, and dc conductivities (\ensuremath{\sigma}) are investigated at temperatures from 330 to 475 K…
Several fundamental aspects of defect cluster accumulation in irradiated ceramics and face centered cubic metals are reviewed, with particular emphasis on radiation hardening and the microstructural evolution in Cu observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At temperatures where interstitials are mobile (> 50…