Materials Literature
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The current–voltage characteristics can vary significantly between individual microfabricated tips in as-fabricated arrays of cold cathodes. Such emission nonuniformity is undesirable in device applications. We have shown that in situ tip self-heating by the emitted electron current can be used to make the current–vol…
The application of analytical and numerical methods to an electromagnetic problem requiring an accurate representation of saturation is examined. The problem considered is that of tooth-ripple losses in salient-pole synchronous machines for the situation where the pole pitch is much greater than the armature slot pitc…
The effects of oxygen concentration on the electrical and optical properties of In 2 O 3 –ZnO films are investigated. In 2 O 3 –ZnO films deposited under the pure Ar gas show a resistivity of about 3.8 ×10 -4 Ω·cm, comparable to that of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films (∼10 -4 Ω·cm), and an average transmittance of over 9…
Rutile-phase TiO2 thin films have been epitaxially grown on GaAs(100) substrates at 700 °C under 5 Pa oxygen ambient pressure, and at room temperature (30 °C) and 5×10−4 Pa base vacuum by KrF pulsed excimer laser deposition. The [110]-oriented TiO2 films were composed of two types of domains perpendicular to each othe…
Lipase-catalyzed ring-opening bulk polymerizations of 3(S)-sec-butylmorpholine-2,5-dione (BMD) were investigated. Selected commercial lipases were screened as catalysts for BMD polymerization at 110°C. Polymerizations catalyzed with 10 wt.-% of lipase PPL and PC result in BMD conversions of about 70% and in molecular…
The polybenzidine has been synthesized by thermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared absorption studies. Further, polybenzidine has been doped with nitrate, sulfate and acetate ions. The electrical conductivity behavior of doped and undoped polybenzidine has been studied for various concentrati…
The reflectivity of extreme-ultraviolet thin-film multilayer (ML) interference coatings, terminated by a native oxide or other capping layer (CL), is critically dependent on the thickness of the final deposited layer of the top period. We show in this numerical study that, for a molybdenum-silicon ML, a high reflectiv…
In this study, electrical characterization of ceramic insulation coatings were evaluated by resistive, capacitance, and high voltage breakdown techniques. The insulation coatings were produced on Ag or AgMg sheathed Bi-2212 tapes and CuNb/sub 3/Sn wires by continuous, reel-to-reel sol-gel process. The coatings were th…
Abstract Environmental awareness has strongly stimulated the introduction of biodegradable materials based on renewable resources of natural origin. This paper describes the properties and manufacturing of such a bioplastic. In a counter‐rotating twin screw extruder, starch and polystyrene were mixed. To enhance mater…
A general transient simulation method accurately models the magnetic state of a device containing a ferromagnetic core by incorporating a scalar hysteresis model into the standard finite element framework. The method numerically implements the Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model to simulate hysteresis without introducing…
Carbinols, which contain three OPV chains, were generated in convergent syntheses. The extension of the conjugation leads to a bathochromic effect that shifts the absorption from the UV into the visible region. The carbinol series has a convergence limit of the absorption at λmax = 415 nm. The corresponding carbenium…
Resonance Raman spectroscopy is an ideal tool to investigate the structural properties of chromophores embedded in complex (biological) environments. This holds particularly for metalporphyrins which serve as prosthetic group in various proteins. Resonance Raman dispersion spectroscopy involves the measurement of reso…
A factorial design was performed to determine the statistical effects of material compositions and extrusion processing variables on the foamability of polypropylene (PP)/wood-flour composites. Two levels with centrepoint values of wood flour content, chemical foaming agent (CFA) content, extruder's die temperature an…
Nineteen Thalassiosira species informally referred to as the plicated Thalassiosira were examined in a cladistic analysis. The species range in age from 17 Ma to modern, representing the earliest known members of the group and its most recent members. Two most parsimonious cladograms were discovered, generally agreein…
A series of telechelic oligo[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate]-diols (PHB-diols) was synthesized from ethyl (R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate (ethyl (HB)) and four different aliphatic diols, namely, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol and 1,10-decanediol by transesterification and condensation in bulk. The structures of the s…
The Langmuir films of two liquid crystal materials, 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) and 4-pentyl-4"-cyano-p-terphenyl (5CT), and of their mixtures have been studied by recording surface pressure-area isotherms and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) images. The pure liquid crystals revealed very different characters of the…
The aqueous polymerization of m-methylaniline (mMA) was studied using sodium dichromate as oxidant in the presence of hydrochloric acid. The effect of hydrochloric acid, sodium dichromate and monomer concentration on the polymerization rate, specific viscosity of the obtained polymer and a.c.conductivity was investiga…
Conventional methods for the synthesis of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes such as laser or electric arc ablation have failed when the process is scaled up. Our ultimate goal is to scale a solar process up from 2 to 250 kW; this paper shows that our method for achieving this scale-up is valid because we were able to pr…
A therapeutic support for the less effective steps in skin’s recovery should improve reparative capacity. A morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue repair in rats in the presence...
The object was to perform simultaneous quantitative analyses of complex pharmaceutical solid mixtures by the Rietveld method. Mixtures consisting of anhydrous β-carbamazepine, anhydrous α-carbamazepine, and carbamazepine dihydrate were chosen as the model system. Lithium fluoride was used as the internal standard. Mix…