Materials Literature
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Tissue-engineered vascular autografts (TEVAs) were made by seeding 4-6 x 10(6) of mixed cells obtained from femoral veins of mongrel dogs onto tube-shaped biodegradable polymer scaffolds composed of a polyglycolid acid (PGA) nonwoven fabric sheet and a copolymer of L-lactide and caprolactone (n = 4). After 7 days, the…
Layered double hydroxide alkoxides obtained by precipitation of MII and MIII salts with NaOH in alcoholic solution have unique properties. They exhibit very large BET surfaces, indicating a pillared structure, and their slow hydrolysis yields very smooth, almost transparent films of the corresponding hydroxides (see F…
It has been known for some time that porphyrins and related compounds have the ability to selectively accumulate in tumor tissues, and to persist there for long periods of time. This property, along with the well-described photophysical and photosensitizing properties of porphyrin-type molecules, has led to their pote…
▪ Abstract The field of biomaterials has recently been focused on the design of intelligent materials. Toward this goal, materials have been developed that can provide specific bioactive signals to control the biological environment around them during the process of materials integration and wound healing. In addition…
ABSTRACT: Low pH (5.2) whey protein isolate‐based edible films containing p‐aminobenzoic acid (PABA) or sorbic acid (SA) were developed and assessed for inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in a disc diffusion assay. Water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile st…
Spin-assembly is an excellent method for controlling the amount and thickness of adsorbed polyelectrolyte in fabricating multilayer thin films. These films are investigated by means of ellipsometry and UV-vis spectroscopy and their spectral properties are used to determine the effect of the polyelectrolyte concentrati…
The principle of the tomography technique and the different possible set-ups, which can be used to obtain medium-(10 μm) and high-(1 μm) resolution, three-dimensional, non-destructive images, are shown in this paper. Illustrations are made of the applications of the technique in the field of materials science. Example…
Neutral silver cluster isomers Agn (n=2 to 12) were studied by Kohn–Sham density functional theory. There is a strong even-odd oscillation in cluster stability due to spin subshell closing. Nearest-neighbor interatomic distances do not evolve continuously from the diatomic (2.53 Å) to the bulk (2.89 Å). After adding a…
Abstract This international standard specifies a method for calibrating the binding energy scales of x‐ray photoelectron spectrometers, for general analytical purposes, using unmonochromated Al or Mg x‐rays or monochromated Al x‐rays. It is only applicable to instruments that have an ion gun for sputter cleaning. This…
Low optical bandgap conjugated polymers may improve the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices by increasing the absorption in the visible and near infrared region of the solar spectrum. Here we demonstrate that condensation polymerization of 2,5-bis(5-trimethylstannyl-2-thienyl)-N-dodecylpyrrole and 4,7-dibromo-2…
The influence of the synthesis conditions on the properties of nanocrystalline ZnS:Mn 2+ is discussed. Different Mn 2+ precursors and different ratios of the precursor concentrations [S 2- ]/[Zn 2+ ] were used. The type of Mn 2+ precursor does not have an effect on the luminescence properties in the synthesis method d…
The role of hydrogen-bonding interactions in the formation and/or stabilization of liquid crystalline phases has been recognized in recent years and significant work has been conducted. Following the first and well-established examples of liquid crystal formation through the dimerization of aromatic carboxylic acids,…
To develop new technology for harvesting transplantable cultured epithelium without dispase treatment, human keratinocytes were plated on culture dishes grafted with a thermo-responsive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). The grafted dish surfaces are slightly hydrophobic above 32 degrees C, but reversibly change to…
Fixation of the molecular ordering of cholesteric liquid crystals is essential for use of these materials in color information technology. Methods to achieve this as well as thermal and photochemical control of the cholesteric pitch of the liquid crystals are addressed and applications in rewritable color recording ar…
The development of a tissue-engineered blood vessel substitute has motivated much of the research in the area of cardiovascular tissue engineering over the past 20 years. Several methodologies have emerged for constructing blood vessel replacements with biological functionality. These include cell-seeded collagen gels…
The reduction in switchable polarization of ferroelectric thin films due to electrical stress (polarization fatigue) is a major problem in ferroelectric nonvolatile memories. There is a large body of available experimental data and a number of existing models which address this issue, however the origin of this phenom…
Magnetoelectric laminate composites of piezoelectric-magnetostrictive materials were investigated. The composites were prepared by stacking and bonding Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) and Terfenol-D disks. Experimental results indicated that the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient, dE/dH , increased with decreasing thickness and…
Single-domain cobalt dot arrayswith high magnetic particle density, patterned over large areas (e.g., 10 cm diameter wafers) are fabricated by self-assembled block copolymer lithography, using a polystyrene–poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane) copolymer as a template. By varying the copolymer type and etching conditions the…
The long-range order of spherical block copolymer films is greatly improved if the underlying surface has been etched to form wells and mesas. Epitaxial growth of polystyrene/poly(2-vinylpyridine) block copolymers on SiO2 with structures 1–10 μm wide yields single-crystal-like structures on top of the mesas (see Figur…
▪ Abstract A two-part review of research concerning block copolymer thin films is presented. The first section summarizes experimental and theoretical studies of the fundamental physics of these systems, concentrating upon the forces that govern film morphology. The role of film thickness and surface energetics on the…