Materials Literature
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Ge–Se chalcogenide glasses are characterized by relatively low hardness (0.39–2.35 GPa) and low fracture toughness (0.1–0.28 MPa·m 1/2 ). Actually, the hardness of chalcogen‐rich glasses is low enough so that the brittleness parameter, B = H / K c , is lower than that of silicate glasses. Whereas hardness and Young's…
Polypropylene and nylon 66 fabrics are subjected to atmospheric pressure He and He-O 2 plasmas for selected exposure time intervals. Scanning electron microscopy anal ysis of the fabrics shows no apparent changes in the plasma-treated nylon fiber surfaces, but significant surface morphological changes for the polyprop…
Abstract The dissolution of single bubbles of gases of low solubility kept stationary in a downward stream of water was studied. In “clean” water, two regimes are identified. Initially, the process is fast, consistent with the theory for circulating bubbles. Then, the mass‐transfer rate falls sharply to that predicted…
Tissue engineering of endothelial cells (EC) and chemical engineering with anticoagulant moieties has been undertaken in order to improve prosthetic graft patency and thrombogenicity. This was done by covalently bonding a compliant poly(carbonate-urea)urethane graft (MyoLink) with arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) or/a…
The growth, collapse, and rebound of a vapor bubble generated by an underwater spark is studied by means of high-speed cinematography, simultaneously acquiring the emitted acoustic signature. Video recordings show that the growth and collapse phases are nearly symmetrical during the first two or three cycles, the bubb…
Abstract This paper traces the evolution of objective measurement of textile hand and comfort from Pierce through modern methodology and approaches. Special emphasis is given to discuss the contribution of the Kawabata Evaluation System (KES) towards advancing the state of objective measurement. Laboratory case studie…
The electromechanical coupling factor for the thickness-extensional mode, kt, in KNbO3 crystals has been predicted to be as high as 69% for the 49.5° rotated X-cut about the Y-axis, which is the highest among known piezoelectrics. This paper presents the experimental confirmation of the high coupling factor and elucid…
Revolutionary advances in tissue engineering are redefining approaches to tissue repair and transplantation through the creation of replacement tissues that remain biointeractive after implantation, imparting physiologic functions as well as structure to the tissue or organ damaged by disease or trauma.(1,2) Over the…
Mesoporous silica films work as templates to form uniform nanoparticles of Au and Pt. The composite materials form an array of metal nanoparticles (diameter ca. 2.5 nm) in the one-dimensional mesopores (pore diameter 2.7 nm), showing an ordered structure in the TEM observation. The nanoparticles are isolated from the…
This article describes the results of a detailed study of semiconductor dopant profiling with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) using secondary electrons. The technique has been applied to a wide variety of doped silicon test structures as well as a metal–oxide field-effect transistor. We have demonstrated that c…
Porous silicon nitride ceramic with a porosity from 0–0.3 was fabricated by partial hot‐pressing of a powder mixture of α‐Si 3 N 4 and 5 wt% Yb 2 O 3 as sintering additive. Irrespective of the porosity, the samples exhibited almost the same microstructural features including grain size, grain aspect ratio, and pore si…
The present investigation discusses the advantage of using RE‐ion‐doped (Nd 3+ , Tm 3+ , and Er 3+ ) TeO 2 glasses for developing fiber and planar broadband amplifiers and lasers. The spectroscopy of RE‐ion‐doped fibers and glasses is discussed along with the thermal properties of glass hosts. The results of emission…
Bioreactor design in tissue engineering is complex, and at the early stages of its development. Design of biologically effective, yet scalable, devices requires intimate collaboration between engineers and biologists to ensure that all aspects are considered fully. Growth conditions, harvesting time, scale-up, storage…
Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes that contribute close to one quarter of global primary productivity. In spite of their ecological success in the world's oceans, very little information is available at the molecular level about their biology. Their most well-known characteristic is the ability to gene…
Unimers of both natural and synthetic origin self-assemble into linear, helical, columnar, planar and three-dimensional structures depending upon the functionality of supramolecular interactions. Recent reports describing the mechanism of formation, properties and possible applications of these systems are critically…
Tissue engineering, by necessity, encompasses a wide array of experimental directions and scientific disciplines. In vitro tissue engineering involves the manipulation of cells in vitro, prior to implantation into the in vivo environment. In contrast, in vivo tissue engineering relies on the body's natural ability to…
We have synthesized Ge-As-Se and Ge-As-S-Se chalcogenide glasses designed to have large optical nonlinearities. Measurements reveal that these glasses offer optical Kerr nonlinearities greater than 500 times that of fused silica and figures of merit for all-optical switching >5 at 1.25 and 1.55 μm.
Two main results are reported here for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) synthesized from well-controlled isolated catalytic Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The first is patterned growth of ultralong SWNTs (lengths up to 0.6 millimeters) by using a mixed methane and ethylene carbon source in chemical vapor deposition (CV…
We develop phase diagrams for single-domain epitaxial barium strontium titanate films on cubic substrates as a function of the misfit strain based on a Landau–Devonshire phenomenological model similar to the one developed by Pertsev et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1988 (1998)]. The biaxial epitaxy-induced internal stress…
Hot dip galvanising life as a corrosion protective coatings on steel depends basically on three factors: coatings quality (thickness), correct installation of the galvanised article, and weathering effects. The aim of this research it is to study the decaying causes and effects of a plumbing installation made with hot…