Materials Literature
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Sonochemistry is the use of ultrasound to enhance or alter chemical reactions. Sonochemistry in the true sense of the term occurs when ultrasound induces “true” chemical effects on the reaction system, such as forming free radicals which accelerate the reaction. However, ultrasound may have other mechanical effects on…
In situ optical microscopy, small–angle light–scattering and X–ray–scattering techniques have been applied to study flow–induced textures in main–chain thermotropic liquid–crystalline polymers (LCPs). In order to gain more insight into the underlying mechanism leading to the formation of microstructure, the effect of…
Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and Rayleigh–Mandelstam–Brillouin (RMB) light scattering as well as ultrasonic sound velocities have been studied in glasses of the system PbO–SiO2 which has an unusually wide range of glass forming ability. The results of scattering are compared with calculations based on the conce…
The magnetoresistance of step-edge structures in La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 films was investigated. Step-edge arrays with 200 steps of height 140–200 nm and step separation 20 μm along [110] were fabricated on LaAlO3 substrates by chemically assisted ion-beam etching. Thin La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 films were deposited on the structured sub…
"Unplug those pores!" could be a slogan common to cosmetologists and polymer chemists. Membranes with nanochannels can be obtained by first forming a film by casting a solution of a triblock and homopolymer mixture, then selectively cross-linking domains in the film by photolysis, and finally forming nanochannels thro…
X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric (TGA), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), and impedance analysis were used to study the reported high-temperature phase transitions at 107, 149, 230, and 256 °C in crystals of cesium dihydrogen phosphate, CsH2PO4 (CDP). Our results show strong evidence that at all these temp…
We report an anomalous magnetostriction behavior of the charge ordered compound ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$. We have found that the applied magnetic field not only gives rise to a large negative magnetoresistance but also produces a huge positive magnetovolume effect. This unusual effect…
Inclusive electron scattering is measured with 4.045 GeV incident beam energy from C, Fe, and Au targets. The measured energy transfers and angles correspond to a kinematic range for Bjorken $x>1$ and momentum transfers from ${Q}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1--7(\mathrm{GeV}/c{)}^{2}$. Whe…
The thermoelectric properties near ambient temperature of half-Heusler alloys based on LnPdSb, where Ln=Ho, Er, and Dy are reported. The Seebeck coefficients are large, between 60 and 250 μV/K, and the materials are p type. The resistivities are between 0.6 and 20 mΩ cm. Thermal conductivities are between approximatel…
Light scattering which peaks in the plane of light polarization is observed in glass pumped by intense laser radiation. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of the angular distribution of photoelectrons in isotropic solid state materials.
We have studied the Cu core level photoemission spectra in the Anderson impurity model for cuprates with different Cu-O networks, dimensionalities (zero, one, two and three) and Cu valencies (two and three). We focus on the shape of the leading peak and obtain very good agreement with the experimental data. We show ho…
We present a calculation of the Hg phonon self-energy for a model of A3C60 (A= K, Rb). The orientational disorder of the C60 molecules is included, and the lowest order self-energy diagram is considered. The calculations illustrate that due to the violation of momentum conservation by the orientational disorder, Raman…
We report the first microscopic (RPA) calculation of the van der Waals interaction between two self-consistent jellium metal slabs---from asymptotic separations down to full contact. We also present the first test of a recently proposed seamless van der Waals density functional, which reproduces the RPA results satisf…
Recent theoretical advances have established that the electric polarization in an insulating crystal can be viewed as a multivalued quantity that is determined by certain Berry phases associated with the occupied Bloch bands. The application of this approach to the computation of piezoelectric coefficients is not enti…
We propose an efficient linear-scaling time-dependent method for calculating nonlinear response function, and study the size effects in non-degenerate two photon absorption spectra of Si nanocrystallites by using semi-empirical pseudopotentials.
A protein isolated from a biosilica (shown schematically) catalyzes alkoxysilane polycondensation at neutral pH values and low temperatures. Replacement of either of two specific side chain functionalities (Ser-26 and His-165) significantly diminishes catalysis, supporting a reaction mechanism analogous to that of a w…
In order to clarify the origin of the hysteresis between freezing and melting of pore water, we performed x-ray diffraction measurements of water confined inside the cylindrical pores of seven kinds of siliceous MCM-41 (a member of ordered mesoporous materials denoted by Mobil Oil researchers) with different pore radi…
The mechanical toughness of modified ABS (acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene) alloys was evaluated using Izod impact, tensile, and compact tension tests. The modified ABS alloys contain 20 wt % of styrene–N-phenylmaleimide (SMI) that is added to enhance the thermal resistance of the ABS. In this study, the effects of mat…
A hydrogenated styrene–butadiene copolymer (HSBR) was prepared by a diimide reduction of SBR in the latex stage. The influence of the styrene content on various reaction parameters, namely, time, temperature, and concentration of the reactants and the catalyst was studied. A comparatively lower temperature, longer tim…
This article deals with the characterization of blend films obtained by mixing silk fibroin (SF) and polyacrylamide (PAAm). The DSC curves of SF/PAAm blend films showed overlapping of the main thermal transitions characteristic of the individual polymers. The exothermic peak at 218°C, assigned to the β-sheet crystalli…