Materials Literature
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A variety of inorganic fillers are investigated to determine their impact on the response of filled polysiloxane elastomers to cyclic stress in hot air and in hot poly(dimethylsiloxane) PDMS fluid environments. Three fillers stabilize the polysiloxane networks to cyclic stress: zinc oxide, tin oxide, and copper oxide.…
The surface free energy and surface structure of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) film treated with low temperature plasma in O2, Ar, He, H2, NH3, and CH4 gases are studied. The contact angles of the samples were measured, and the critical surface tension γc (Zisman) and γc (max) were determined on the basis of the Zi…
The vibrational properties of amorphous SiO2 were studied within first-principles density functional theory. The calculated spectrum is in good agreement with neutron data, showing, in particular, a double peak in the high-frequency region. This doublet results from different local modes of the tetrahedral subunits an…
In conductive polymer compounds, the filler volume fraction at which a network of touching particles is formed is not a constant but depends on the manufacturing process. By applying three main features—particle-particle interaction, dynamics of agglomeration, and structure of agglomerates—which are well known in coll…
The electrical properties of individual bundles, or "ropes," of single-walled carbon nanotubes have been measured. Below about 10 kelvin, the low-bias conductance was suppressed for voltages less than a few millivolts. In addition, dramatic peaks were observed in the conductance as a function of a gate voltage that mo…
Low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (L/ILW) contains substantial amounts of cellulosic materials. In Switzerland ~50% of the organic waste is cellulosic (<em>1</em>). In a cementitious L/ILW repository, the large amounts of cement produce alkaline environments in which the pH of the cement pore water remains…
Understanding the nature of chemical bonding between natural organic matter (NOM) and clays is an important step toward understanding the chemistry controlling the fate and bioavailability of organic contaminants in soils and sedi ments. Many organic contaminants preferentially associate with NOM, and adsorption of NO…
The lattice instabilities of perovskite structure oxides are responsible for many of their interesting properties, such as temperature-dependent ferroelectric phase transitions. First-principles calculations using linear response theory provide an accurate means to determine the lattice dynamics throughout the entire…
Physical mechanisms of intercalation of semiconductors are determined, establishing the main laws of intercalation, and the physical nature of new phenomena and effects induced by intercalation are explained; general statements for obtaining intercalates with characteristics assigned in advance are also developed.
A method for (111) oriented diamond film synthesis has been developed using controlled seeding of micron-sized diamond particles by electrophoresis. Different sizes of diamond powders (0.25 and 5μm) were electrophoretically seeded on silicon substrates using diamond suspensions in organic solvents (acetone, methanol,…
A low temperature process (350 °C&lt;T&lt;500 °C) for nanocrystalline diamond film growth by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition has been developed that yields high rates (up to 2.5 μm/h) at relatively low plasma powers (0.5 kW). In contrast to the widely used H2-rich mixtures of CH4 or CO and…
We study the dynamic properties of a fluid interface of nanometric curvature formed by capillary condensation between solid substrates. The interaction force between the substrates is measured with a surface force apparatus, and gives access to the line force acting on the three-phase contact line. We focus on a situa…
The step density model of reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillations is investigated. Within this model, the temporal evolution of the specular beam intensity during growth by molecular beam epitaxy represents the evolution of the step density during deposition. This is found to be inconsistent with diff…
Starting from the basic constitutive equation that describes the magnetic viscosity of a ferromagnetic material, under the single assumption of a constant external field H, a connection is shown between the different expressions used to determine experimentally the fluctuation field . The simplest method uses the rela…
The influence of H on the local structure of N-containing amorphous diamondlike films (a-CNx:H) is reported. The samples were prepared by rf sputtering of graphite in a N2, Ar, and H2 atmosphere. The chemical bonding of C and N atoms was inferred by analyzing the C 1s and N 1s electronic core-level by x-ray photoelect…
Abstract The synthesis of novel Tb III labels suitable for protein labelling are reported. Their luminescence properties as antibody conjugates were measured and compared to the results of corresponding Tb III chelates of the parent ligand structures. When the lowest triplet‐state energy level of the parent donor liga…
Low and high frequency modes in fused silica at normal and very high density are investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The calculated vibrational density of states, the Raman intensity, and the far infrared spectrum of normal silica glass present a low frequency mode $(\ensuremath{\sim}50{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensur…
Metallic LaNiO3 (LNO) films were prepared on LaAlO3 (LAO) by metalorganic decomposition (MOD) and their application as the bottom electrode in sol-gel derived BaTiO3 (BTO) thin film was studied by means of x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. BTO film on LNO-coated LAO exhibited pre…
We present an analysis of the molecular motion in supercooled liquid states, based on the topology of the configurational phase space and using the instantaneous normal mode technique. We aim at characterizing the harmonicity of the dynamics and evaluating its role in the short-time dynamics. For supercooled water, we…
We observe two Meyer-Neldel rules for the dc conductivity in porous silicon. One rule corresponds to extended-states transport and the other to transport by thermally activated hopping. The quantitative resemblance of the first rule to the one found in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) indicates that in samples…