Materials Literature
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The fracture surface energy of a material can be obtained by the cleavage technique, in which a crack is propagated along the median plane of a strip sample by forces applied at the free ends. Unfortunately, the stress distribution in a conventional sample is such that the crack tends to deviate from its original dire…
This paper presents a calculation of the stresses and energies for interfaces between different crystals. Only simple cases corresponding to interfacial dislocations of pure screw or edge type are treated. The difference between the two crystals is expressed in terms of different elastic constants and variable interfa…
Cellulose derives most of its functional properties from its hydroxyl groups: derivatives are formed by reactions with the hydroxyl groups, when cellulose is dissolved it is usually as a complex of the hydroxyl groups with ions or polar groups, and the physical properties of cellulose in the solid state are to a large…
E. Collinson, J. F. J. Todd and F. Wilkinson, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1963, 36, 83 DOI: 10.1039/DF9633600083
Abstract The formation and melting of the two crystalline modifications of poly‐1‐butene have been studied by the techniques of differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, dilatometry, and polarizing microscopy. On cooling the melt, modification 2 ( T m = 120–126°C.) appears within minutes. This form is unst…
Iron carbide (cementite) was isolated from specially prepared carbon‐iron alloys by a selective (chemical) dissolution of ferrite in alcoholic HCl . Cathodic polarization studies on cementite electrodes have shown that this compound is an active cathodic site in corrosion of steel in that it does not polarize at low c…
The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Weight change and oxygen consumption measurements were used to study the oxidation of molybdenum from 550° to 1704°C for pressures of 5 to 76 Torr. For temperatures of 550°–700°C two processes occurred simultaneously, oxide scale formation and molybdenum trioxide volatility. Above 800°C at pressures up to 76 Torr moly…
A simple electrochemical technique is described for measuring the quantity of hydrogen permeating a thin membrane of iron or steel during cathodic charging or electroplating. For cadmium electroplating, the quantity is small when this metal is deposited from a fluoborate or a DL‐α‐amino‐n‐butyrate bath, but comparativ…
Basic hypotheses. Simple case of plastic collapse. Basic theorems and simple examples. Methods of plastic design. Estimate of deflections. Factors affecting the plastic moment. Minimum weight design. Variable repeated loading.
Deformation mechanisms in magnesium were investigated with single crystals strained by compression parallel to the hexagonal axis, because main deformation mechanisms in magnesium can not be effective for this type of compression. These deformation mechanisms were found to be twinnings along various composition planes…
The absolute Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal resistivity were simultaneously measured on pure bismuth single crystals of various orientations between approximately 80° and 300°K. Using an overlapping two-band many-valley model, numerical values for the temperature dependence and anisotropy (wh…
Abstract not Available.
The elastic constants ${c}_{11}$, ${c}_{12}$, and ${c}_{44}$ of single-crystal strontium titanate have been measured as a function of temperature from 300 to 108\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K by determining the velocity of an ultrasonic wave. At 108\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the strontium titanate unde…
The solubilities of helium, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, methane, carbon dioxide, and ethane in glassy amorphous and crystalline polyethylene terephthalate have been studied by time-lag and/or static sorption methods. Solubilities of all the gases but ethane were also determined in the rubbery crystalline polymer. The onl…
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Surface energy is one of the most fundamental parameters of a solid since it depends directly on the binding forces of the material. Indeed, it is a measure of the work necessary to separate a material into two parts along a plane. Very few measurements have been made of this quantity and these by indirect means, beca…
The exciton spectrum of AgI, CuI, CuBr, and CuCl is discussed and various peaks attributed to several coexisting crystal modifications. The shift of the peaks with alloy concentration in the pseudobinary systems formed with these compounds is reported and interpreted. The absorption and reflection spectra of these mat…
The self-consistent field method of Cohen and Ehrenreich is used to obtain the macroscopic longitudinal dielectric constant that includes local field effects. The physical basis for the local field is discussed for nonlocalized electrons. In the limit of long wavelengths and low frequencies, it is shown that the diele…
A discussion of the potentiometric method of measuring magnetic induction has been given for isothermal, isentropic, and isoerstedic processes. The magnetic properties of CoSO4·7H2O have been investigated over the range 1.2° to 78°K and in fields up to 93 kgauss. Values of the differential isothermal magnetic suscepti…