Materials Literature
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The effects of oblique sputtering on microstructural modification of ZnO films were investigated. Surface morphologies of the films were profoundly modified with an incidence angle. By using pure Ar gas, etch pits, pyramids, ridge, and ledgelike structures were developed on the film surface. By using Ar/O2 mixture gas…
Paracetamol (acetaminophen, 4-hydroxyacetanilide) is a typical representative of over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drugs which are commonly administered as tablets. For these materials, crystallization from solution is an important stage of pharmaceutical production which defines many physicochemical properti…
Dielectric constant ε', loss tan δ and conductivity σ, of 45ZnF2–9PbO–(46 - x) TeO2-xCuO glasses (with x values ranging from 0.2 to 0.6) are studied as a function of frequency in the range 102 to 107 Hz and in the temperature range 30 to 200 °C. All these glasses are found to exhibit dipolar relaxation effects. The va…
The preparation of nanofibers —fibers with nanometer diameters—is briefly reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the synthesis based on locking‐in the mesophasic structures formed by diblock copolymers. Examples of the resulting nanofibers with a core‐shell structure (prepared for transmission electron microscopy b…
Rodlike gold(I) and gold(III) complexes [AuR(C&tbd1;N(C(6)H(4))(m)()OC(n)()H(2)(n)()(+1)-p)] (m = 1, n = 10, R = C(6)F(5); m = 2, n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, R = C(6)F(5), C(6)F(4)Br-o, C(6)F(4)Br-p), [(&mgr;-4,4'-C(6)F(4)C(6)F(4)){AuC&tbd1;N(C(6)H(4))(m)()OC(n)()H(2)(n)()(+1)}(2)] (m = 1, 2; n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12), [AuRI(2)(C…
Denim fabrics of various weight ranges were sewn with three different compositions of sewing threads ‐ 100 per cent cotton, 100 per cent polyester and corespun thread ‐ with all possible ticket numbers, to examine the interaction of various fabric‐thread combinations. The sewing thread performance in terms of seam eff…
There exists a range of acoustic techniques for characterizing bubble populations within liquids. Each technique has limitations, and complete characterization of a population requires the sequential or simultaneous use of several, so that the limitations of each find compensation in the others. Here, nine techniques…
The enthalpy changes ΔH∞ between a poly(vinyl acetate) glass formed by rapid cooling and the corresponding fully relaxed glass have been estimated at four temperatures below the glass transition. The values obtained were different to those expected by extrapolating liquid behavior below the glass transition and were f…
Contact angles of water on stereoregular poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMA) solvent-cast in the form of films against a glass substrate were measured by using the sessile drop method. The syndiotactic films exhibited contact angle values indicative of relative dominance of the nonpolar α-methyl and methylene groups of…
The crystal structure of the maltodextrin-specific porin from Salmonella typhimurium ligated with a maltotrioside at the pore eyelet is known at 2.4 A resolution. The three glucose units assume a conformation close to the natural amylose helix. The pore eyelet fits exactly the cross-section of a maltooligosaccharide c…
A comprehensive thermodynamic model has been applied to predict the optimum conditions for the hydrothermal synthesis of phase-pure strontium zirconate. The model is based on the accurate knowledge of standard-state thermochemical properties of all species and a realistic activity coefficient model. The predictions ar…
The concept of equilibrium potential‐pH diagrams ( E ‐pH) for two‐dimensional species adsorbed on metals is applied to the case of sulfur and oxygen adsorbed on chromium in water. Standard Gibbs energies of formation for sulfur and oxygen adsorbed on chromium are calculated from literature thermodynamic data for chemi…
Experiments near 1000 K have revealed the thermal decomposition of anisole to proceed exclusively via homolysis of the O−CH 3 bond. The anisole decay was observed to be first order even in the presence of oxygen. The distribution of reaction intermediates was virtually independent of equivalence ratio, φ ≡ ([anisole]/…
Amorphous metallic alloys, frequently observed to occur in systems with large negative heats of mixing, are much less common in systems which are immiscible in the equilibrium solid state, such as Nb–Cu. However, amorphous Nb–Cu alloys can be produced over a wide composition range by sputtering. Using isothermal and n…
The Hammerstein configuration, which includes a nonlinear static block followed by a linear dynamic block, is applied to model the rate-dependent and temperature-dependent hysteresis phenomenon. The nonlinear static block is realized by a modified Preisach model, which includes both the irreversible and reversible com…
We present a study of the fluctuations in the dissolution front observed during the formation of porous silicon, leading finally to layer thickness inhomogeneities. Two types of fluctuations were revealed, one at the millimeter scale (waviness) and the other one at the micrometer scale (roughness). Root mean square am…
The morphology and the growth pattern of calcium carbonate deposits formed on inner pipe surfaces, under turbulent flow, are studied. At temperatures below 30 °C, and for relatively high supersaturations, quite compact calcite layers are obtained, consisting of crystals growing nearly perpendicularly to the substrate…
Plate impact and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments have been conducted on three grades of silicon carbide produced by different routes. Data are presented which indicate that the failure of the materials was delayed for some time after the maximum stress had been achieved. In particular, the measured lat…
A nucleation rate function is proposed for use in analyzing the overall crystallization kinetics of polymers. This function allows for the possibility that the nucleation rate varies substantially during the crystallization. This feature is particularly useful in analyzing nonisothermal crystallization, but it can be…
Abstract Aliphatic polyesters are more or less hydrolytically degradable, depending on their chemical, configurational and morphological structures. Hydrolysis can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on many structural and environmental factors. The present understanding of this hydrolytic degradation is…